PURSUE Release 03 — Gemini 4 Experiment Debriefing 1967 (NASA-UAP-D018)

Source: U.S. Department of War, PURSUE (Presidential Unsealing and Reporting System for UAP Encounters) — Release 03 (third tranche), published 12 June 2026. Document NASA-UAP-D018. URL: release portal https://www.war.gov/UFO/release/03/ · bundle https://www.war.gov/medialink/ufo/061226/release_03/release_03_documents.zip (file: NASA-UAP-D018_Gemini-4_Experiment-Debriefing_1967.pdf) Captured: 2026-06-12. Text below is the clean born-digital / OCR text extracted from the released PDF (224 pages). What this is: Gemini 4 Experiment Debriefing 1967. Index/analysis: pursue-release-03-uap-records.

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATlo-1 ROUTING SLIP Action

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file Information

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Note and R_e_hl_rn___ _ ,P;;,• -;R;:e::q::-u•=s�I::::.::_ ___

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TEL. NO · (or ,ode) & EXT.

NASA FORM 26

APR 69 PREVIOUS EDITIONS MAY BE USED

Mission Operation Report No. M-913-65-04 MEMORANDUM

June 1, 1965

A/Administrator

From

M/Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight

Subject:

Gemini Flight Number Four (GT-4) Additional Flight Activities

Subsequent to the preparation of the GT-4 Mission Operation Report several new procedures and items of equipment have progressed to a stage of flight readiness. Consequently, three significant additional flight activities are now possible and have been included in the mission. These activities are: extra vehicular activities (EVA); extra vehicular propulsion; and demonstration of rendezvous with the booster second stage. Additional details of these flight plan activities are provided in the attached supplement to the basic report.

Enclosure: MOR No. 913-65-04 Change 1

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

M-913-65-04 ADDITIONAL GT-4 FLIGHT PLAN ACTIVITIES Three additional special engineering and operational objectives are now planned for the first four orbits of the GT-4 Mission: 1.

Demonstration of extravehicular activities (EVA) using a 25 foot umbilical. Potential future application includes crew transfer, in flight repair, and inspection of orbiting objects.

Demonstration of extravehicular maneuvering using a simple, one man propulsion unit. This device could be used with or without a spacecraft tether on future missions.

Demonstration of rendezvous with the booster second stage. This activity wilI provide valuable early information and maneuvering procedures necessary to rendezvous with a target vehicle. Flashing lights identical to those designed for the Gemini/Agena Vehicle have been instaIled on the booster second stage for this test.

The Flight Plan sequence involves post-launch separation from the launch vehicle, then maneuvering to stop the spacecraft separation velocity. The first two orbits wilI be flown with the spacecraft at distances less than one quarter of a mile from the launch vehicle. Nighttime separation will be sufficient to prevent the flashing lights from disturbing the pilot’s visual dark adaptation. The first orbit will be occupied with operational checks of the spacecraft guidance, maneuvering, and environmental control systems. The pilots will utilize the second orbit to prepare for the extravehicular activity. This procedure involves unstowing and assembling a 25-foot umbilical, the emergency oxygen pack, a maneuvering unit, and the cameras. Over Hawaii, at daybreak, near the end of the second orbit, the cabin will be depressurized and Jim McDivitt will maneuver to within close proximity of the booster. At this point, the right hatch will be opened and Ed White will climb out and hold on the right forward portion of the spacecraft untiI McDivitt gives him a release command. Upon command, White wiII push off slowly and reorient himself with the hand-held maneuvering unit to face the booster. A 35-mm still camera (Zeiss-Contarex) mounted on the maneuvering unit will be used to photo graph the booster and spacecraft with various earth/sky backgrounds. After testing his ability to maneuver in a zero gravity environment, White will maneuver back toward the spacecraft and ingress. The total time separated from the spacecraft will be approximately 10 minutes. He will be inside with the cabin repressurized by the time the spacecraft posses over Ascension Island on the start of the third orbit. Shortly ofter passing Ascension, McDivitt wilI maneuver ahead of the booster with 5 feet per second separation velocity. Because this maneuver places the spacecraft in a higher altitude and longer period orbit than the booster, it will rise above and fall behind the booster. One orbit later, the spacecraft

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Page 1

M-913-65-04 will trail 16 miles behind the booster. At this point, a spacecraft retardation maneuver of 13 feet per second will initiate the visual rendezvous sequence. The spacecraft will approach the booster from behind and below. Because of unknown variation in the atmospheric density and drag of the slowly tumbling booster, the exact approach trajectory cannot be predicted. The flight crew will measure elevation angles of the booster and wil I initiate rendezvous maneuvers when the booster is approximately 45 degrees elevation angle a bove the spacecraft. By observing the movement of the booster with respect to the star background and with respect to the spacecraft inertia l platform display , the crew can determine the proper lateral maneuver to null the lateral component of velocity thereby resulting in a spacecraft velocity vector which is directly toward the booster. After removing the lateral velocity difference, the pilot will apply a series of breaking maneuvers with the forward firing thrusters to reduce the closing velocity. The flight crew will measure with onboard instruments the total maneuvering velocity required for the rendezvous procedure. The spacecraft should be back in close proximity of the launch vehicle over the Northeast coast of South America at the beginning of the fifth orbit. After the rendezvous operation is complete, the spacecraft will again separate from the booster - this time using a maneuver which will place the Gemini spacecraft on an orbit with a predicted lifetime of four days. The EVA suit is the new G4C suit which replaces the G3C suit used so successfully by the GT-3 flight crew. The G4C suit has the following new features: a.

Helmet - incorporation of triple lens shield (visors) for visual, thermal, impact, and micrometeorite protection.

Torso 1. 2. 3. 4.

Change to Nomex (HT-1) 11 Linknet 11 in restraint layer for increased structure I strength. Incorporation of strain relief zipper in sealing closure. Incorporation of redesigned ventilation inlet and outlet fittings with automatic locking and redundant sealing features. Replace Nomex (HT-1) coverlayer with integrated thermal and mi crometeori ty cover layer.

Gloves - Incorporate new design with increased mobility, abrasion resistance and thermal protection.

Bio-connector - Self-alighment, pin protective design.

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M-913-65-04

Figure 1 depicts the principal physical differences between the old G3C suit and the new EVA G4C suit. Figure 2 shows that with one visor down on the new G4C helmet, there is practi ca I ly no attenutation of Ii ght entering, whereas Figure 3 shows that with two of the visors down there is a noticeable difference in the amount of light that enters the astronaut’s eyes. With the third visor down, there would be a similar decrease in the amount of I ight al lowed to enter the helmet. The multivarious layers of materials used in the EVA G4C suits are delineated in Figure 4. It should be noted that the old G3C suit consisted only of the pressure and restraint layers of Figure 4 with the HT -1 nylon outer protective layer.

FIG.

G-4C OVER VISOR SPACE

HELMET

The EVA spacesuit has received the following qualifi cation tests:

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•

M-913-65-04

G-4C OVERVISOR SPACE

HELMET

FIG. 3

G-4C EXTRAVEHICULAR SUIT

HH NYLON OUITR

~6~~ T~~~~~} ~~~;:) USE: WEAR AND

THERMAL AND MICROMETEOROID LAYERS

PRESSURE AND RESTRAINT LAYERS

SOLAR REFLECTANCE

COTTON CONSTANT “[AR

~Ng~~;:r~~m OXFORD NYLOt-i COf.JORT LAY.R

11 oz,vo 2 swu

PRCSSURE LAYER

_ _ _ _ NEOPRE~E COATEO NYLON 11-1·2ozvo21

r----7 LAYERS ALUMIN IZEO MYLAR SEPARATED BY

RESTRAINT lAVlR UM( NH DACRON Al.;Q HflO~ u-J 4 oz vo 21

7 LAYCAS UNWOVEN DACRON SPACERS

HH NYLON INNER MICROr,,‘tn OROID STOPPER LAYERS !EACH 6. 8 OZ/YD 2 WH IT[ I US E: WEAR

ANO MICR0~,1£TEO ROI D PRO TE CT ION

FIG. 4

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M-913-65-04 a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.

Leakage Proof pressure 02 compatibility Ejection envelope Cold temperature Rapid decompression Life cycling Visor testing

Should the 25-foot long tether fail in some manner, the pilot will be carrying a chestpack that has been compatibility qualified with the G4C suit and con sists principally of an emergency oxygen bottle with automatic valving. It should be emphasized that both the primary and backup flight crews have undergone 40 minutes cabin depressurization with the hatches open at a simulated altitude of 150,000 feet in the chambers at McDonnell, St. Louis during which time they practiced opening and closing the hatches, taking pictures, and other actions that will take place during EVA. The extravehicular maneuvering will be accomplished using a zero g Integral Propulsion (ZIP) Unit as shown in Figure 5. This device is handheld and accomplishes propulsion by jetting oxygen out through a single forward firing nozzle and two aft firing nozzles as selected and aimed by the operator. It includes a camera mounted for convenient extravehicular photography.

FIG. 5

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Mission Operation Report No. M-913-65-04 MEMORANDUM

May 24, 1965

A/Administrator

From

M/Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight

Subject:

Gemini Flight Number Four (GT-4)

GT-4, the fourth in a series of twelve planned Gemini flights is scheduled to be launched from Complex 19 at the John F. Kennedy Space Center on or after 3 June 1965. This wi 11 be the second manned Gemini mission and the longest ever attempted by a two-man crew. The purpose of the mission is to further demonstrate manned space flight for a period of four days. The nominal launch time is 10 a.m. EDT (1400 GMT). The space vehicle is to be launched on an azimuth of 72 degrees and the spacecraft wi 11 be inserted into an initial orbit of 87-161 N.M. at an orbital inclination of 32.5 degrees. The 62 revolution mission will have a duration of approximately 97 hours and 50 minutes. The primary and backup flight crews are of the “new generation, 11 being members of the second group of astronauts. James A. McDivitt will be the command pilot and Edward H. White, II will be the pilot. Because the duration of the flight is one of the most significant aspects of their mission, the postflight activities will involve expanded medical evaluation as compared with previous missions, including at least 24 hours aboard the recovery aircraft carrier, the USS WASP. After conducting various orbital maneuvers and the thirteen experiments during the four-day mission, the spacecraft wi 11 reenter and touchdown approximately 400 miles southwest of Bermuda for a water landing and carrier retrieval.

Enclosure MOR Noo M-913-65-04

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

Report No. M-913-65-04

MISSION OPERATION REPORT

GEMINI FLIGHT NUMBER FOUR (GT-4)

OFFICE

OF MANNED

SPACE FLIGHT

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

FOREWORD

MISSION OPERATION REPORTS are published expressly for the use of NASA General Management as required by the Administra tor in NASA Instruction 6-2-10 dated August 15, 1963 . The pur pose of these reports is to provide NASA General Management with timely, complete and definitive information on flight mission plans and results from launchings with Scout class or larger vehicles. Initial reports are to be prepared and issued for each flight project just prior to launch. Following launch, updating reports for each mission will be issued to keep General Management currently in formed as provided in NASA Instruction 6-2-10. Distribution of these reports has been specifically directed by Gen eral Management and they are not available for additiona l or general distribution . The Office of Pub Iic Affairs pub Iishes a comprehensive series of pre-launch and post-launch reports on NASA flight missions which are available for general distribution.

Pub Iishec and Distributed by OFFICE OF PROGRAM REPORTS OFFICE OF PROGRAMMING NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Washington, D. C. 20546

M-913-65-04 GENERAL Rtndczvous guidance & recovery system _ _ __

11 Ft

8 Ft

Separation point Oxidizer tank •Equipment bay

27 Ft

Gemini Flight Number Four (GT-4) is the second manned orbital flight in the Gemini Program and the fourth flight in a series of twelve planned to develop long-duration and rendezvous capability, docking techniques, extra-vehicular activities, and controlled reentry. The first three Gemini flights demonstrated: orbital insertion capability; spacecraft structural integrity; and spacecraft systems performance and crew accommodation qualities, respectively. This GT-4 mission is intended to further demonstrate manned space flight for a period of four days, the longest ever flown by two astronauts. The space vehicle is depicted in Figure 1.

Stage 11 engine thrust chamber

MISSION OBJECTIVES 108 Ft

10 Ft

Oxidizer tank

Stage I engine g1mbal point

•Equipment bay contains: • Batteries· • Malfunction detection system IMOSI units • Range safety command control system • Programmer • Three-axis reference system !TARSI • Radio guidance system IRGSI • Autopilot • Instrumentation and telemetry system

FIG.

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PRIMARY • Demonstrate and evaluate the performance of the Gemini spacecraft systems for a period exceeding four days. • Evaluate the effects of prolonged exposure to the space environment on the two-man flight crew in preparation for missions of longer duration. SECONDARY • Demonstrate OAMS capability to perform retro fire backup. • Demonstrate the capability of the spacecraft and flight crew to make significant in-plane and out-of-plane maneuvers. Conduct further evaluation of spacecraft • systems as outlined below: 1 . Structure and thermo I protection 2. Environmental Control Systems (ECS) 3. Crew stations 4. Guidance and Control System 5. Orbital Attitude and Maneuver System (OAMS) Execute the fol Iowing experiments: • D-1, Basic Object Photography • D-6, Surface Photography • D-8, Radiation in Spacecraft • D-9, Simple Navigation • M-3, In-Flight Exercises • M-4, In-Flight Phonocardiogram • M-6, Bone Demineralization • MSC-1, Electrostatic Charge Page 1 •

M-913-65-04 • • • • •

MSC-2, Proton Electron Spectrometer MSC-3, Tri-Axis Magnetometer MSC-10, Two-Color Earth’s Limb Photos S-5, Synoptic Terrain Photography S-6, Synoptic Weather Photography UNUSUAL TASKS OF THIS MISSION

One of the interesting tasks of this mission is the duration of the flight. It will be the longest ever to be conducted by a two-man crew . Another highly interesting item is that control of the mission for the first time wil I be from the Mission Control Center (MCC) Houston. Some elements of the Mission Control Center at Cape Kennedy and the GSFC computing facility will be standing by as a backup during the launch phase. The computing facilities at GSFC will also be used as a backup to MCC-Houston during the orbital phase. Flight controllers will man the MCC in three shifts to give complete round-the-clock coverage of the four day mission. Crew control of reentry will be acomplished by tracking the roll needle rather than nulling the down-range and cross-range needles as on GT-3. The experiments will, of course, contribute much information for the scientific and medical communities. The G4C suit which replaces the G3C suit used on GT-3 has the fol lowing new featu res: a triple overvisor, a redundant pressure closure seal (zipper), and thermal and meteoroid protection integrated in the outer cover layer. Abort procedures to be utilized by the astronauts in the unlikely event it becomes necessary for them to terminate. a mission before orbital insertion are different from those used in the Mercury program . In that program, the fireball that would have been created had a conflagration occurred on the pad, would have been large enough to ABORT PROCEDURES engulf an ejecting astronaut, so MOOE I - EJECT AfTEll SHUTDOWN it was necessary to add an escape MOOE ll - SALVO RETROS AFTER SHUTDOWN rocket to Iift the entire spacecraft MODE ID - SHUTDOWN, SE PARATE, TURN AROUND, RETROFIRE free of the area. The GLV, on the other hand, uses self-igniting fuels which, upon mixing, create a fi reba II sma II enough so that the astronauts can eject from the spacecraft in much the same man ner as is done in today’s high performance jet aircraft. This is called the Mode I abort pro OEIAYEO MOOE cedure. The three abort modes n (WA IT 5 SECS ) are more fully defined by the altitude and elapsed time-after 15,000FT. _ _ _ _ . _ _—’←+—~launch parameters depicted on Figure 2.

-□~

FIG . 2 5/24/65

Page 2

’ ~’

MOOE

50 SECONDS

SEA LEVEL- - - - - - - - - - - ’ ’ - — - L - - ’ - -

M-931-65-04 LAUNCH VEHICLE DESCRIPTION The Gemini Launch Vehicle (GLV) has been modified by man-roting an Air Force Titan II missile. The GLV has two stages, the first 71 feet long and the second 18 feet long; both stages have a diameter of 10 feet. The gross loaded weight of the two stages is 337,521 pounds and they both burn storable hypergolic (self-igniting upon mixture) propellants. First stage thrust is approximately 430,000 pounds at sea level. Second stage thrust is approximately 100,000 pounds. The various systems of the GLV have been detailed in previous Gemini MOR 1 s and what follows is additional information concerning modifications made to GLV-4. The fuel dampener and oxidizer standpipe used to suppress longitudinal oscillations have been redesigned. Butt welding vice lapped joints have been utilized on the fuel tank conduits to eliminate minute cracks. Malfunction Detection System circuitry has been redesigned to provide separate indications of the subassembly thrust level and additional insulation has been applied to provide increased fire protection. Sixteen T/M readout points have been removed from the GLV because they are no longer required and one range safety circuit has been added to the destruct system interlocking AGE and the GLV motor driven switch control. This circuit will prevent switch cycling in the event that both set and reset signals are inadvertently applied during checkout. TABLE I PROJECT COST (In Millions) FY 62

FY 63

FY 64

FY 65

FY 66

FY 67

Total

Spacecraft

30.3

280.5

165.3

122.7

823.0

Launch Vehicle

24.4

122.7

115.4

88.6

8.5

438.7

4.9

27.7

30.8

13.0

92.2

54.8

418.9

308.4

40.6

1353.9

Operational Support Total RD & 0

This level of funding will provide for twelve Gemini Launch Vehicles, twelve space craft, seven Agena Target Vehicles, six Atlas booster missiles and the operational costs of flight testing and the associated Ground Support Equipment. SPACECRAFT The spacecraft is 18. 75 feet long and its two sections, a reentry module and an adapter section will weigh 7799 lbs. fully loaded with the astronauts onboard. The configuration will be the same as was flown on GT-3 except for the following: minor changes have been made to switch positions and nomenclature, three additional (total of six) adapter

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M-913-65-04 batteries will be required, radial thrusting TCA’s and burst diaphragms in the 11 811 package that were removed for GT-3 are both installed on GT-4, and will act through the Spacecraft Centers of Gravity. An HF antenna has been added to the adapter section for orbital use and the HF transciever there has been removed. The C-band phase shifter now has its own inverter, the recovery flashing light can now be turned off during day I ight hours, the HF antenna on the cabin section has been redesigned, and the adapter $-band transponder in the adapter section has been replaced with a C-band transponder which will have a different pulse spacing from the one in the spacecraft. In the GT-4 mission S/C, urine wi 11 be dumped directly overboard from the urine bellows through a shut-off and selector valve, a solenoid valve and a heated line. Redundancy is provided by the capability to dump urine through the launch cooling heat exchanger (water boiler}. The main chute disconnect cartridge has been changed from a 22-second time delay to a zero second delay and new long-life attitude thrusters have been installed. EXPERIMENTS The 13 experiments are depicted and described on the following pages:

D-1, Basic Object Photography In conducting this experiment, the as D-1 BASIC OBJECT tronauts will employ elaborate photo PHOTOGRAPHY optical equipment to investigate the technical problems associated with observing, evaluating, and photo graphing objects in space. These objects include the 2nd stage of the launch vehicle and natural celestial bodies such as the moon. Data from this experiment will be used to evaluate the astronauts’ ability to view and track objects, and to maintain object-camera orientation by maneuvering the spacecraft. Equipment which wi 11 be used is illustrated in Figure 3. FIG. 3

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M-913-65-04 2. D-6, Surface Photography This experiment wi 11 investigate the technical problems associated with an astronaut’s ability to acquire, track, and photograph terrestrial objects from a space craft with more elaborate photo opti ca I equipment than that used previously. The astronaut will photograph selected series of objects during day-side and night-side intervals of the flight using specified Iens-fi Im combi nations. The resulting data wi 11 be used to eva Iuate the astronaut’s ability to maintain object-camera orientation by maneuvering the spacecraft. Figure 4 shows the camera mount installed on the spacecraft window.

0-6 SURFACE PHOTOGRAPHY

FIG. 4

D-8, Radiation in Spacecraft Data from this experiment will be used to supplement external radi ation measurements in studying the dose levels within the space craft resulting from passes through regions of varying radiation intensity. Two tissue-equivalent, current-mode ionization chambers wi 11 be used to measure the variation of absorbed dose-rate inside the spacecraft. Five small packets containing radia tion detection and measurement devices will be placed at various locations in the cabin to ascertain their suitability as convenient dosimeters of space radiation and measure total accumulated dose. Figure 5 shows some of the equipment to be used for this experiment.

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D-8 RADIATION IN SPACECRAFT (PORTABLE UNIT)

FIG. 5

Page 5

M-913-65-04 4. D-9, Simple Navigation This experiment is designed to develop and test navigation pro cedures which employ a simple stadimetric device and a sextant to make sightings and measurements in space using the horizon and stars as references. Data from sightings wi 11 be used in compu tations to determine orbital parameters. These results wi 11 be compared with actual parameters to determine the accuracy of the procedures. The hand held sextant to be used is shown in Figure 6.

0-9 SIMPLE NAVIGATION

HAND HELD SPACE SEXTANT

MG5-8097

FIG. 6

M-3, In-Flight Exerciser The purpose of this experiment is to assess the astronauts’ capacity to perform physi ca I work under spacecraft conditions. Monitored exercise wil I be performed by the astronauts prior to the flight to establish control data. l·s otonic exercises employing a bungee cord and involving the arms and legs wi 11 be taken prior to and a.fter exercising. Pulse rate wil I be monitored continuously. The inflight data obtained wil I be compared with the control data to determine the· capacity for work in space. Figure 7 shows the manner in which this exercise wi 11 be performed.

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M-3 IN-FLIGHT EXERCISER

FIG. 7

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M-913-65-04

M-4, In-Flight Phonocardiogram The purpose of this experiment is to measure the fatigue-stage of an astronaut’s heart muscle during a long-duration flight. A microphone wi ll be applied to an astronaut’s chest wal I at the cardiac apex. Heart sounds detected during the flight will be recorded on an on board biomedical recorder. The sound trace wi 11 be compared to the waveform obtained from a simultaneous infl ight electro cardiogram to determine the time interval between electrical activation of the heart muscle and the onset of ventricular systrole. Figure 8 illustrates the method of installation of the phono cardiogram transducer.
M-6, Bone Demineralization The purpose of this experiment is to establish the occurrence and degree of bone demi nera Ii zati on resulting from prolonged weightlessness during spaceflight. Spec ia I X-rays wi 11 be ta ken of an astronaut’s heel bone and the terminal bone of the fifth digit of the right hand. Three pre flight and three postflight exposures wi 11 be taken of these two bones and compared to determine if any bone deminerali zation has occurred due to the space flight. Figure 9 i 11 ustrates the laboratory procedure which will be used for this experiment.

M-4 IN-FLIGHT PHONOCARDIOGRAM

PROTOTYPE PHONOCARDIOGRAM TRANSDUCER AND SIGNAL CONDITIONER

FIG . 8

GEMINI EXPERIMENT NO. M·&

BONE DEMINERALIZATION PURPOSE

ESTABLISH DEGREE OF BONE DETERIORATION

EQUIPMENT STANDARD X-RAY WEIGHT

N/ A VOLUME N/ A

PROCEDURE

PRE AND POST FLIGHT x-RAY

LOCATION

N/ A

”

’

MG4-1886

FIG. 9

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M-913-65-04 8. MSC-1, Electrostatic Charge Before rendezvous missions are attempted, an investigation must be made of the possibility of inadvertent ignition of pyrotechnics and other detrimenta I effects due to discharge of electrostatic charge potentials during rendezvous. In this experiment, an electrostatic potential meter, which protrudes through the wa 11 of the spacecraft adapter assembly, wi 11 be used to detect and measure any accumulated electrostatic charge that may be created on the surface of the spacecraft by ionization from engine exhaust. This do ta wi 11 be a no Iyzed to determine if the charge is adequate to create a rendezvous hazard. Fig ure 10 shows the detector instal lotion.

MSC-2, Proton Electron Spectrometer This experiment is designed to measure the quantity and energy of protons and electrons present immediately exterior to the orbiting spacecraft. This wil I be accomplished by means of a scintillating-crystal, charged particle analyzer mounted on the adapter assembly of the spacecraft. Data from this experiment wil I be used to correlate radiation measurements made inside the space craft and to predict radiation levels on future space missions. The proton electron spectrometer instal lotion is shown in Figure 11 .

MSC-1 ELECTROSTATIC CHARGE

FIG. 10

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MSC-2 PROTON ELECTRON SPECTROMETER

FIG. 11

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M-913-65-04

MSC-3, Tri-Axis Magnetometer In this experiment, the direction and magnitude of the earth’s magnetic field with respect to the spacecraft will be measured. A tri-axis fluxgate magnetometer, mounted in the adapter assembly of the spacecraft wi 11 be used. The equipment instal lo tion is shown in Figure 12.

MSC-3 TRI-AXIS MAGNETOMETER

FIG. 12

MSC-10, Two-Color Earth’s Limb Photos The astronaut wil I obtain photo graphs of the earth’s limb using a hand-held camera, black and white film, and a special filter mosaic which will allow each picture to be taken partly through a red filter and partly through a blue filter. After the flight, the negative will be subjected to careful measure ments, and the resulting data will be used in statistical analyses to evaluate the limb radiance. These studies will be used to determine if the sun-lit earth’s limit can be reliably observed in the short visible or near-ultraviolet spectral region. The camera to be used for this experiment is shown in Figure 13.

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MSC-10 TWO-COLOR EARTH’S LIMB PHOTOS

MG5·8105

FIG. 13

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M-913-65-04

S-5, Synoptic Terrain Photography The objective of this experi ment is to obtain high quality photographs of selected parts of the earth’s surface. The spa1.,c:craft will be manually oriented from an orbit mode attitude to a moderately high camera depression angle attitude. After a series of photographs has been taken, the spacecraft will be reoriented to the orbit mode attitude. Four spacecraft orientation maneuvers will be required during which approxi mately 40 pictures will be taken over areas of the United States. Figure 14 shows one of the photos taken by Gordon Cooper which is similar to the terrain photographs planned .
S-6, Synoptic Weather Photography The objective of this experi ment is to learn more about the earth’s weather systems by obtaining high quality photo graphs of selected cloud for mations. As in experiment S-5, the spacecraft will be oriented from an orbit mode attitude to a moderately high camera depression angle attitude. After a series of photographs has been taken, the spacecraft wi 11 be reoriented to the orbit mode attitude. Approximately 10 orientation maneuvers will be required during which approximately 40 pictures will be taken. The photograph shown in Figure 15 taken by Gordon Cooper is similar to those planned on this flight.

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GEMINI DPEltllfNT NO. S.5

SYNOPTIC TERRAIN PHOTOGRAPHY

PURPOSE

OITAIN HIGH QUALITY PHOTOGIAPHS Of THI EARTH’SSUlfACf

EQUIPMENT 70MM CAMERA AND fllM WEIGHT I LI.

VOlUMI 0.036 CU. n.

PROCEDURE POSITION sm1mn, TAIi PICTURES

LOCATION

,.,.

PRISSURIZID CAIIN

.:t

PMOTOGUIH Of THI HIIAlAUS IN THI NIDIA, IIIPAl, 11111 IOROII AHA, THIN IT ASTRONAUT l. GOIDON C00,11, JI., DUIING HIS 22-01111 IA-f IIISSION.

MC4· 1768

FIG. 14

GOIN OPIIIIINT NO. S-6

SYNOPTIC WEATHER PHOTOGRAPHY PURPOSE

OITAIN HIGH QUALITY aoue PHOTOGIAPHS

EQUIPMENT 10 11 CAMDA Me ,u

WEIGHT

I LI. YOlUMl

0.036 cu. n.

PROCEDURE POSITION SPACKWT Me TAIi PNOTOGIAPIIS

lOCATION PIISSUIIZED WIN PIIOIOGUPH Of ClOUDS AND lffl IUIIIA 11S1 COAi!. WIST Of UNOOII. TWI 1Y ASIIOIIAUI l. IOIDOII COOPII, ll, DU- HIS 22-11 IA•t IIISSIOII.

MC4· I767

FIG. 15

Page 10

M-913-65-04 ASTRONAUTS The Command Pilot for the GT-4 mission will be James A. McDivitt and the Pilot will be Edward H. White, II. The backup flight crew will consist of Frank Borman as Command Pilot and James A. Lovell, Jr., as Pilot. Their pictures and biographies follow:

FIG.

JAMES A. MCDIVITT Born in Chicago, Illinois on June 10, 1929. He graduated first in his class from the University of Michigan with a B. S. in aeronautical engineering. McDivitt is ma rried to the former Patricia A. Hass of Cleveland, Ohio and has three children. McDivitt joined the Air Force in 1951 and is an Air Force Major. He was awarded three Distinguished Flying Crosses, five Air Medals and the Choo Moo Medal from South Korea. He is a graduate of the United States Air Force Expe rimental Test Pilot School and the United States Air Force Aerospace Research pilot course. He served at Edwards Air Force Base, California, as an experimental test pilot. McDivi tt has logged more than 3,000 hours flying time, including 2,500 hours in jet aircraft. McDivitt was selected as an astronaut by NASA in September 1962. In addition to participating in the overal I astronaut training program he has had additional specialized duties. These duties include monitoring the design and development of the guidance and navigation systems for the Gemini and Apollo spacecraft, as wel I as monitoring the overall Apollo Command and Service Modules. EDWARD H. WHITE II Born in San Antonio, Texas, on November 14, 1930. White received his B.S. from the United States Military Academy and his M.S. in aeronautical engineering from 5/24/65

Page 11

M-913-65-04 I ’

the University of Michigan. He is married to the former Patricia E. Finegan of Washington, D.C. and has two children. White, an Air Force Major, received flight training in Florida and Texas, following his graduation from West Point. He attended the Air Force Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California, in 1959. White was later assigned to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, as an experimental test pilot with the Aeronautical Systems Division. In this assignment he made flight tests for research and weapons systems development, wrote technical engineering reports, and made recommen dations for improvement in aircraft design and construction. He has logged more than 3,600 hours flying time, including more than 2,200 hours in jet aircraft. White was named as a member of the astronaut team selected by NASA in September 1962. FRANK BORMAN Born in Gary, Indiana on March 14, 1928. He re ceived his B.S. from the United States Military Academy and his M.S. in aeronautical engineering from the California Institute of Technology. He is married to the former Susan Bugbee of Tucson, Arizona and has two sons. Upon graduation from West Point, Borman, now an Air Force Major, chose an Air Force career and received his pilot training at Williams Air Force Base, California From 1951 to 1956 he served with fighter squadrons in the United States and in the Philippines and was an instructor of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics at the U.S. Military Academy, West Point. He was graduated from the USAF Aerospace Research Pilots School in 1960 and later served there as an instructor. In this capacity he prepared and delivered academic lectures and simulator briefings, and flight test brief ings on the theory and practice of spacecraft testing. Borman has logged more than 4,400 hours flying time, including more than 3,600 hours in jet aircraft. Borman was one of the nine astronauts named by NASA in September l 962.

FIG. 18

JAMES A. LOVELL, JR. Born in Cleveland, Ohio, on March 25, 1928. He received his B. S. from the United States Naval Academy. Lovell is married to the former Merilyn Gerlach of Milwaukee, Wisconsin and has three children. Love II, a Navy Lieutenant Commander, received flight training following his graduation from Annapolis. He served in a number of Naval FIG. 19 5/24/65

Page

M-913-65-04 aviator assignments including a three year tour as a test pilot at the Naval Air Test Center at Patuxent River, Maryland. His duties there included service as program manager for the F4H Weapon System Evaluation. Lovell was graduated from the Aviation Safety School of the University of Southern California. He served as flight instructor and safety officer with Fighter Squadron 101 at the Naval Air Station at Oceana, Virginia. Lovell has logged 3,000 hours flying time, including more than 2,000 hours in jet aircraft. Love II was selected as an astronaut by NASA in September 1962. In addition to participating in the overal I astronaut training program, he has been assigned special duties. These duties included monitoring design and development of recovery and crew life support systems. These include space suits, environmental control system and developing techniques for lunar and earth landings and recovery. TRAJECTORY The launch trajectory for the GT-4 mission wi 11 be similar to that flown by GT-3. lnserti on wi 11 be at the same altitude, 87 miles, but the first apogee of GT-4 will be 161 miles. The Gemini launch sequence is shown in Figure 20. FLIGHT PLAN In addition to the various orbi ta I maneuvers to be pe rformed during the mis sion, as ca Iled out in Table II, other activities will be taking place as is shown below in Table 111, a summarization of the Flight Plan. The consumable items loaded onboard the spacecraft are shown in Table IV.

811Ul

A200.m L T

MODE 111: SHUTDOWN j •SEPARATE SIC 5:10 CHANGE -·-·- •RETRO &REBffllY ABORT MOOl SEflllNCE

2:48 START RADIO GUIDANCE 2:34 BECO 5.5G·s

T U 75,000’

11:SHUTDOWN SALVO RETROS ~.ET11SON RETRO

1·-

1:40 CHANG ABORT MOOE

~ 42.000’

•=SEOllll:E

1:19 MAX Q

2500’

IIElAYEO AQIE U:SfUTOOWN •WAIT 5SECONDS •SALVO RETim •JETTISON RmO SECTIII 0:50 CHANGE ABORT····-···-· •• •I.AIIN SBIIIIG MODE Q:23 START PITCH

2000·

Q:20 STOP ROLL 012•

25.000’ 15.000’

l:EJECT

Q:10 START ROLL oas·

:OO LIFT OFF- - …— _ _ _ _ _ _ _…

•

RANG -NAUTICAL MIES

FIG. 20

• 5/24/65

Page 13

MANEUVER

HP/HA AFTER MANEUVERS

POINT OF APPLICATION

TRANSLADIRECTION TIONAL OF THRUST THRUSTER

PURPOSE

Sepa ra tion

l0FPS

87/161 N.M.

SECO+2-

FWD

AFT

S/ C-Booster Separation

?FPS

91/161 N.M.

2d Apogee

FWD

Adjust lifetime {for insertion dispersions. Evaluate thruster operation.

12FPS

Apogee of 30th Rev.

FWD

Left

Ad just Iifetime.

+TSC #1

5FPS

Approx. 15 min afte r 2A

Left

Right

Evaluate thruster operation. Determine visual characteristics of thruster plume .

TSC #2

5FPS

5 min. a fter TSC #1

Down

Evaluate thruster operation. Determine visual c haracterist ics of th ruster plume.

TSC #3

5FPS

5 min after TSC #2

Down

Evaluate thruster operation. Determine visual characteristics of thruster plume.

27FPS

Perigee fol lowing 2A

AFT

Adjust lifetime. application.

Evaluate 3-axis

4FPS

Apogee of 45th Rev .

FWD

Adjust Iifetime.

Evaluate thruster operation.

6FPS

Perigee following

AFT

FWD

Adjust lifetime.

Evaluate thruster operation.

94/ 134 N.M.

93/ 124 N.M.

Evaluate thruster operation .

s::

-b

(,J

1 l0FPS

45/99 (45/97)*

*FOR PACIFIC LANDING +TRANSLATIONAL SYSTEM CHECK

62d Rev. {or 66th Rev. )*

AFT

Achieve OAMS retrofire. operation.

Evaluate thruster

°‘I 0,

M-913-65-04 TABLE Ill IN-FLIGHT ACTIVITIES Time Revolution No. HRS:MIN 0:12 1:45

1 2

4:35 7:45

3-4 5-6

11:15

7-8

13:05 17:05 19:52 24:00 25:58 29:25 31 :20 31 :40

9 11 13-14 16 17-18 19 20 21

33:20

43:00

44:25

46:48

47:33

52:30 54:35 56:35 70:26

76:30 77:20 90:45 95:45 96-35

33-34 35 36-37 41 46

49 50 58 61 62

97:32 97:46

5/24/65

Function p CP

EVENT Insertion Check I ist D-9 Experiment Translation Maneuver D-6 Experiment MSC-1,2,3, and 10 Experiments M-3 Experiment MSC-2 and 3 Experiments D-8 Experiment D-9 Experiment D-1 Experiment M-3 Experiment S-5 Experiment HF Communication Tests D-9 Experiment S-6 Experiment MSC-2 & # Experiments D-8 Experiment D-8 Experiment S-6 Exoeriment S-6 Experiment S-5 Experiment S-6 Experiment M-3 Experiment MSC-1 Experiment Translation Maneuvers Translation Maneuvers Thruster Failure Check Power Down S/C S-5 Experiment S-6 Experiment M-3 Experiment D-9 Experiment MSC-2 & 3 Experiments S-6 Experiment D-9 Exoeriment Translation Maneuvers M-3 Experiment Apollo Yaw Orientation Power Down S/ C M-3 Experiment D-9 Exoeriment Power Down S/ C M-3 Experiment Pre Retro Checklist, TR-5 Minutes Checklist, TR-1 Minute Checklist Retrofire, Retro Jettison, Post-Retro Checklist Reentry, Drogue Chute Deploy, Pilot Chute Deploy, Main Chute Deploy, Two-Point Suspension, Touchdown, Post-Landing Checklist

Page 15

X X X X

X X

Dav

Niaht

X X X X

X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X

X X X X X

X X X

X X

X X X

X X

X X X :.<.

X X X X X

X X

)(

X X X X X X X X

X X X X X

X X

X X )(

M-913-65-03 TABLE IV GT-4 CONSUMABLE LOADINGS ITEM

QUANTITY

REMARKS

Batteries

703 Ibs. based on a 2400 A-h

Each battery has a 400 A-h capacity

OAMS Propel Iants Odixizer Fuel

246 lbs 164 lbs

Oxygen Primary Secondary

52 lbs 13 lbs

Lithium Hydroxide

97 lbs

Food

lb lbs

Drinking Water Spacecraft Adapter

14 lbs 61 lbs

RCS Propellants O x idize r Fuel

4 lbs 3l.61bs

Egress bottle are also carried if ejection is required.

GEMINI PARACHUTE LANDING SEQUENCE 50,000 FEET

LANDING SEQUENCE 21 , 000 FEET

At the end of the mission, the parachute landing sequence shown in Figure 21 will be employed. One item that should be mentioned in this regard is that should the 84-foot main parachute fail to open, the crew can abandon the spacecraft by eject ing and using their personal parachutes to effect a safe water landing. The latter sequence would also be employed should the spacecraft come in overland instead of the intended water landing.

9,600 FEET

9,000 FEET

1,500 FEET

5/ 24/65

Page 16

!’

6,700 FEET

HIGH ALTITUDE DROGUE CHUTE DEPLOYED

10, 600 FEET

SEA LEVEL

FIG. 21

PILOT PARA.CHUTE DEPLOYED

It A It SECTION SEPARAT ION

MAINCHUTE DEPLOYMENT

Oft:N CABIN VfNT VALVE

TWO-POINT SUSPENSION

CABIN WA.Tflt SEAL CLOSED

TOUCHDOWN

~~- JffilSONCHUTf

M-913-65-03

MISSION MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY The Gemini Program is managed by the Gemini Program Director who exercises his direction through the Project Manager at the Manned Spacecraft Center. The direc tion of a specific mission is accomplished by a Mission Director acting under the cognizance of the Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight from the time a space vehicle is committed to flight test until the end of the Mission Period.

TITLE Program Director (Acting) Deputy Program Director Program Manager Mission Director

NAME

ORGANIZATION

Dr. G . E. Mueller Mr . W.C. Schneider Mr . C. W. Mathews Mr. C.C. Kraft

NASA Headquarters NASA Headquarters MSC MSC

PROGRAM MANAGEMENT NASA HEADQUARTERS Office of Manned Space Fliqht I PROJECT MANAGEMENT Manned Soacecraft Center I TRACKING & DATA ACQUISITION MSC GSFC ETR

SPACECRAFT

LAUNCH VEHICLE

MSC McDonnell Aircraft Co.

MSC SSD Aerospace Corporation Martin Company Aerojet General

OPERATIONS ORGAN IZATION FOR MISS IO N PERIOD

MISSION DIRECTOR …__ —.- _ __ _ , - - - —

Staff Gemini Flight Ops Rep

DOD Mgr for MS F Support

- - - ~ Operations

Gemini

Requirements

Program

Coordinator Security Officer Meteorologica l. Group

Manager

Deputy for Flight Operati ons At las/ Agena Launch Director

Medical Director

Publ ic Affa irs Director

Fl ight Crew Director

---------------------------------Flight Crew

Medical Monitor

5/24/65

Page 17

DO D Recovery Director

M-913-65-04 TRACKING AND DATA ACQUISITION The ground support network for GT-4 wi 11 be the Gemini Manned Space Flight Network (MSFN) illustrated in Figure 22 and tabulated in Table V. There will be , however, some mi nor modifications to th e MSFN for the GT-4 miss ion. These changes for the GT-4 fl ight are prima rily in loca t ing the range t racking ships in positions most advantageous fo r the orbits to be flown . TABLE V - NETWORK REQ UIREMENTS FOR GT-4 Telemetry

Tracki ng Network G round Sta tion Code Merritt Island M ILA Cope Ken nedy/ CNV/ M iss ion Contro l MCC PAFB Patri ck AFB lr.:.""d Bahamas G BI GTI Grand Turk IAnti ouo A NT Asce nsion Island ASC Valkario Fla . VA L Eleuthera Island ELU BDA Bermuda Conarv Is land CYI Kono N iae rio KNO TAN Tananari ve Corna rvo n CRO CTN Canton Is land HAW Hawaii Guovmos Mex. GYM Corous Christi TEX Rose Knot V i ctor RKV Coasta l Se ntrv CSQ RTK Rana e Tracker Pt ArQuello, Cal CA L White Sa nd~ NM WHS Ea lin AFB EG L M SC , Houston MCC ITe lemetry Airc ra ft

Ra dar Mi strom Ac q. aid G emini la unc h C Band X

or oth ers as I isted

GE-Mod 111 - G X X X X X X

PCM FM/ FN

Comme nd

Spacec ra ft

vehi cl e

Li nks R/T re ceived

D/T

RSDP *

Fli ght Controll er Manned

A/ G vo i ce

DCS Tone UHF HF

Xb Xo

3 3 3

Xb Xb Xe

X X X

X X

Xe Xe Xe

Xe Xe

Xe Xe Xe Xe

3 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2

Xb X Xo Xo X Xa X X X X X Xo

X X

Xe X

X X X X X

Xe Xe Xe Xe Xe Xe Xe Xe Xe X X Xe Xe

Xe Xe Xe Xe Xe . Xe Xe Xe Xe X X Xe Xe

Sites

X X X X

X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X

X X X

X X X X X X

(d)

NOTES: a - Record Only

c - Remoted to ond from the MCC

b - Remoted to MCC

d - Three te lemetry aircraft i n pri mary recovery area

Remote Site Data Process (R SDP)

The ground network support facilities include the MCC-Houston, Cape Kennedy (CNV), Air Force Eastern Test Range (AFETR) downrange stations, the MSFN, and Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). Real time tracking and the acqui sition of data for post flight evaluation will be provided by optical and photo graphic systems, MISTRAM, GE Mod Ill radar, C-band radar, and the Impact Predictor OP) 7094. The network as listed in Table V will monitor spacecraft and launch vehicle PCM telemetry. The flight controller-manned stations, as shown in Table V will display selected spacecraft data for real-time evaluation and transmit these data to the MCC via teletype. The MCC will use both the Digital Command System (DCS) for transmitting commands. All the remote sites that are flight controller-manned, except for GYM, will have the DCS command capability. Tone commands for use by the Range Safety Officer will be used for manual fuel cutoff (MFCO), auxiliary second stage cutoff (ASCO), and Destruct.

5/24/65

Page 18

-0 0 (0 (1)

I \

TH I

/ I

/ l

w I

<.n I

FIG. 22

0 .i,..

M-913-65-04

BACKGROUND Project Gemini is the stepping stone between the comparatively simple one-man orbital flights of Project Mercury and the complexities involved in the multi-man lunar flights of Project Apollo. As such, Gemini’s prime reason for being is to increase knowledge of man’s capabilities in space and in developing operational techniques to support the Apollo Program. Thus, Gemini’s objectives become: a. b. c. d. e.

Long-duration flights - up to fourteen days Rendezvous and maneuver in space Docking with a target vehicle Extra-vehicular activities by the astronauts Control led reentry Operational training for al I flight personnel concerned

To accomplish these objectives, a series of flights have been planned of which this GT-4 is the fourth. The first three demonstrated respectively: orbital insertion capability, spacecraft structural integrity, and crew accommodation qualities. The four-day manned flight will further demonstrate manned space flight capabilities for the support of future missions of even longer duration. The remaining eight Gemini flights, all of which will be manned by two astronauts, are tabulated in Table VI ’ with type of missson and approximate date of flight: TABLE VI Mission No. GT-5 GTA-6 GT-7 GTA-8 GTA-9 GTA-10 GTA-11 GTA-12

Mission Objectives Seven-day flight with experiments* Radar rendezvous and docking 14-day Extra-vehicular activities Optical rendezvous and docking Simultaneous countdown and rendezvous Direct rendezvous Apollo-LEM rendezvous simulation Apollo-LEM abort simulation

Date Latter 1965 Early 1966 Early 1966 Early 1966 Mid 1966 Mid 1966 Late 1966 Early 1967

*Includes rendezvous evaluation pod The planned end-of-the-mission touchdown point is in the Atlantic Ocean approxi mately 400 miles southwest of Bermuda as is shown in Figure 23. This is the primary landing area. The GT-4 mission employs a zone concept for recovery which estab lishes four recovery zones: East Atlantic, West Atlantic, West Pacific and Mid Pacific. Each zone consists of a circular area with a radius of 240 nautical miles in which various ships and planes will be stationed. An aircraft carrier will be sta tioned only in the primary landing area as ii lustrated in the recovery forces diagram

5/24/65

Page 20

M-913-65-04

GT-4 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LANDING ZONES, RECOVERY SHIP SUPPORT AND CONTINGENCY RESCUE FORCES

DO 00

)

00 00 00

30”

HICKAM 0

0 GUAM

O” ~

PRIMARY RECOVERYAREA

REEm;~ANEA

CVS

CARRI ER

OESTROYER

OILER

CO NTINGE NCY RESCUE FORC ES

”

0 PAGO PAGO

30”

/)};; FIG. 23

of Figure 24. Other areas in the world along the ground tracks are called contingency landing areas. Because these contingency landing areas are world-wide, it has been necessary to pre-position certain aircraft with their associated crews, pararescuemen, and paramedics so that they will be able to reach the spacecraft in sufficient time to render aid to the downed astronauts. These contingency forces have been deployed to the bases shown in Figure 23 . It should be noted that there are numerous types of aircraft RECOVERY AREA FORCES in the launch area and primary landing area for telemetry, weather reconnaissance, aerial ARS AIRCRAF T PRIMARY RECOV ERY ZONE (480 MILES N DIAM ETER ) photography, and recovery operations. In addition to these aircraft there are also several helicopters in the pri mary recovery area from the LANDING FOOTPRINT aircraft carrier that are carry (ELLIPSE - 200 MILES BY ing swimmers. These swimmers 40 MILES) deploy into the water and attach an auxiliary flotation collar to the spacecraft. Launc USS WASP AND ONE DESTROYE R area recovery forces are de AT TOUCHDOWN POINT 3 WASP HELICOPTERS picted in Figure 25. 1 WASP COMMAND AIRCRAFT 1 USAF SSB RELAY AIRCRAFT

~ ARS AIRCRAFT

FIG. 24

5/24/65

Page 21

M-913-65-04

LAUNCH AREA RECOVERY FORCES 2 MINE

USA M 113 LARK TANKS

LANDING FOOTPRINT ( 27 MILES LONG)

USMC \ AMPHIBS

FOUR HELICOPTERS TWO PHOTO JETS

FIG. 25

5/24/65

Page 22

NASA ROUTING SLIP ACTION

NAME (if ,,,msary)

CODE

APPROVAi.

CONCURRENCE FILE INFORMATION

INVESTIGATE ANO ADVISE NOTE ANO FOIIWAR0

NOTE ANO RETURN l’ER REQUEST RECOMMENDATION SEE ME

SIGNATURE REPlY fOR SIGNATURE OF,

REMARKS:

~ - Of4-· ~ ~ ~~~-&._.

Q~u’

HL ~

J)k ~ -

~ ~

l ·

J>~~P1~,~s ~A—

1-~t I

‘J- ~ ~ < L -~

f-i

~ o’\rv—J ~ J - ;-T;/::i, er_

lJ.

1/~ I 0ATE ,

NASA ‘Form 26 (Rev. Jan. 1963)

u.s. GOY[RMN[NT PRINTING o,,ict ~ 196-& 0,-1571845-

NASA ROUTING SLIP ~

NAME (if 11«mary)

CODE

\6 J

ACTION APPROVAi.

CONCURRENCE

,-,----£

FILE

•

INFORMATION

(- i/—e_

INVESTIGATE AND ADVISE

NOTE AND FORWARD

NOTE AND RETURN PU REQUEST

”·

IIECOMMENDA TION

SEE ME

SIGNATURE

REPLY FOR SIGNATURE OF:

REMARKS ,

~~1” CT’µ:;:-

z.s—

frGJ’

~0_

FROM: I CODE :

I NAME :

N ASA f or m 26 ( Rev. Jan. 1963) (/

DATE :

U.S. GOVI RNM ! NT P RINTI NG Off’ IC[ : 19H o,-67’8 4 5

EX l 3

ROUTING S L IP

, NA

I NIT I AL

N. G. FOSTER R. L.

cox

w . A . EATON G. C . HR A B AL R . A. MO K E F. B. NEWMAN

’ 0. SM IS TAD

B . BROCKER ~

M. M ~ ~ FILE

-⇒

E I A R KS

..__

---- fLc.. ~

C,,vL()

C..y 0~ AFT~~NO<#,J Se-w,o~~ <Dr ~ f. 9& b c.,cn: I N- ” • ~ f l - l,’-\Jrc, Belt 11 )’.,; or· ~;omc.;U1j r.r ~ .Ulce t! ,r,.t ,Lovt’, from looking

Now t he ai r ~l ow was discovered q1lit

a number o· y ea s ago wh en it wa s

.om t e ground the h ard way and,

stud · cd

t e ai!’.’ 0 10vfedge on

uh, by

etometer (?)’

,1.nd l,y ( tri11.nguJ.;.i. t • on) , by tryi ng to determine h ow high i t wa s

it was

many yea r n h r oJ”<• on· 1,a<l ::om,1 j< <‘>L how ll lg}1 tr,c air 1.i:low really was, ancl .ir1 a rnorm:11. wv -<!

“W j.ll .lrnl.i1:1d,· l1t)W in u. rrv-.1.l,L<·r-

…it..

, ,. c..-.

~ Cu.rp ·nL(·r- wac ·· lil • Lo

it w:.J,,s . W”l.ls

th .

/\ncl

dis,·ov _ ry

111a<‘l.c

:L ht vant 11~

.Looki ng ‘U/~(’ LK’t.nd

tl1< : r1 lie: d:i.<t

·t

011

<:Lr:r-m i 11C:

[” seconds how

v.wu.y w:i.tl, :,0 y :r.1.rs of’ hard wor·k.

Lh<..:.rc:

hut

pc,in t

LJ1c

t;h at in a

WIL~:

Glenn and

ccr·ond.o

in u mutter

Aga.in

jgh

the e

~ - c onds from

few

poj_ri L yn u cnn d > tl jolJ.

Nuw with tl’ic air glow t hen

wt· ’ l l

… a band we never mean by

so L of

ul1 ,

arnl J.jkc.: i n th· s lide or som thing like

red. l’ 1.•f’t’t:tly tlc~ :i. 1’.ncrl

tlio.L. . i t :;urn l,j IIK: :; a Ji t;t;l • J’11z:1.y l,ut t:.l1i s

j s

U1c air glow band and thi s

C rp ·11t r nnd. li_y r·ock. ·t pn.::;~i11r.; L11r-()t.1/‘.h the ‘L.i.r elow.

TJb

glow

i t was u sed i n

on tl11tL we 1t1~v, _ h .ard ttl,rn1t Ut:Ls mot’ni.ng uli

com1 rtion vlit}, l:h _ u:,,xtu.n)

X’P’l”imc.m L.; ancl ’ O on.

th·I s is t h e air

Now 1 just wanted

to 1: i vc y 0 11 ::om(: idcu. ol.’ wl 1c-rc; we - :;l.1t11d. in ‘l id/~l1tnes s .

N w

ub, before

~~tr.Jwv—~~

C.-lc1 111 w-:tn

l.n l1;rvc· ,‘.onr· ,i!’I’ 1rl , 1

tl1v

thD1l1’.ht

W’ L(.;

Lo have him i r l t imaJtl some And NASA h ead-

And. nil , ull , ,John Glenn w,1 :~ ; ’. i v,·11 .-L

1i:; <I

,,v,‘r

111 1.1.,-1,w ,

L1 1t·

i 11l.(‘r· l’, ·1 ·,·11cc

(;;,,xt,u;r.

IJl 1

he ,

l’i .1 l.1·1 ·

I re: ,

11!.; ,

ve1·y slrnilar to thls t ype that was did

not

have

much

time

Belt l l l,o use it,

did

but l,c

-rith the naked eye and h e

have a cha nc

a thing l ike that y ou don ’ t

d.oes look haz y .

to ob s e .,_ve the air glow

·aw it edge on and h e

name for it a t the mome t and

a lle

air · p;l w-

know whether it haze or l uminou s sort ; i t

Uni’or·l.;unal~ ly

tlt:’.t’ on

l..,.~ may tinv is

j t

t 11 . pr·er;s and other p eople ke pt tha t

Jumillou$ l 1t_y·, ., ·.

·i.s a ~elf J wninout: 11-y r . lle took t h

1:,.bl

to tim

a ::; La

1..1.nd

lie n ote

i I_; n.rni t u

t e rm

ReH-l ly, wbat Glenn saw

Thex·, · may be

” omctl 1i Tl/’. to -::.u.y ul>oul: l.t1a t ,

i.t .

it , uh .

. a nd really t he first time you s e e

•·l si:;t, ,• ,)11:,;i ••L .in1-~ 01 · dus t. p11:r:-tlc•J(~_; :i 1ci s o <,n . wn.

littl -· d st thee ,

l,ut, the pr.cdominate feature

Now, C:.1.r:-:pe r,Lcr ha s mar.

int rfC’r:- nee filt •re• hack u p with h j m

time to observe and uh , he was

p as’“‘inf( t h row~~li U1c air f~~low a s the star was s etting Tl ·cl

:Lt

y c-nre rull y .

throur;h the air

/‘.low the u1)pt:r LI ; low r· and when :it cl .i :;app e 1u· :c .

From that

careful

LimJ 11e; inJ ‘ut·ma.Li un ore wt1:~ utile to µ.i n ,town Uie ex act time of’ the air 1-’.low.

Ro 1w: li.ly •)() l d J.u 111eL(•1 · .

/\nd Lili s -i.o wl 1:iL took mnn,y many years to

do 1·1 ·,,m Ll 1(’ p:ni111 1d l,_y l.1 ·.ir1.rw.1 i.Ju.’. :I ,)11 ( ·:·) w-J1 i <” I, i :~ ver ·y v ’ r.y d.i ffic:u.lt cau se you 1t<·v c1 · l<.11ow l11 n, l,u Lnk(· , ·,tr ·

Ln1nsml s s.i on W<i.S

u1 · 1.11111.

o ic;c1 ·vation .

Uh, we had h ped

J. iglrt 1vl1 :i← il is very d iffi ult I H’1J.r-

I.I1c

:;1111 ,

c111

c trtl, yrn1 ,·itn ~;(’ (’

i t, c,1uy

1.ri 1(‘TI

the s un :is , oh, some

to s ee

C—

l:r:lt l l v/1 •

l.1c aolc t o sec t hti.t .

UJ i, Coop e

some: L:i.rnr: sec :. ;.3tronauts might

was able to see the

White and McDivitt s aw the … light , ve ry wel l.

. light , and uh , Uh, the let ‘s se e

there ’ s another point here ; well, w ’ 11 go ba k t o t hat in a moment . cason I 1,htnk have tt lw.vr: Urne Lu ehow whuL

,,.,:111 do so .

UJ1 ,

we re able tu r

1· 1n1

show what r:Fm be done .

:_:u]ts ,

v ry . nLc r ‘S Ung .

11t1

t hat McDivitt and White

f ir s t of all, t hey saw a

Ul1

structure in the air g l ow a nd this is the fi rst time this i s one inst ance

If we

be don<· lly r~xLem.l.int’. v i s 1..ia1 obscr vt”i.tions we

01 · Ll1 ·s • n. w r

:,om or

otl1e.r dcsji.’.ns I~

The

a uh , .

e p ort ed.

i s seen some structure i n the

~i r el ow that they ’ re looking edge on turns ( whlte) … . Thi s has never been obscrv d b for e .

It is ve r y hurd to observe t hi s with a roc ket ; you

clan ’ t know when to fire the rocket to do t hat .

intc.;rc ct:Lnp, tli ·ine; .

They obcer-vcd. unothcr

Lh • 1:,.1r.th ’ :: -‘Li..mu:..;phcrr: dnwn ·1ic1ow Lb . 111 . 1::: rcJ ,ortccl f”r.um uh ,

uJ1 ,

npac

l1y

l.l!l

They, they obse rved that .

They observed mcteo

o i ng into

I t .i :; the .first time a mcteo

,rnL onui1L .

And it. wa

a very pecu-

1.iar .xpe rjcnc:c l”or· i..11 rn I itru sure: b r·.-1u se they saw the things below them own .I.nto t.hc ca1 · t;h ’ n utmo::;pltcr(: .

go ng

/\u t al ia) Lli·i.,..

they cuw u.J1

tg :I. n

ave

Th_y saw when they were

over

/1.ustru.lin they sn.w (southern) lights uh ,

ir.; L11e l’it·:::I; time J tl i inl< Ll1·i s i s reported by astronauts .

. u lo L Ile l. l:c r Lllan I

wl, l,1 · r1i1-’.l 1L l.i1n,· pl1 L’t1,,1m·1111.

l.l11..’:;,• :i 1· ,

pl 1c11<>n11’11u.

I.I rd, i :~ d •i IT.i 1·1l.l L P ll i.H•rv, ’

1· 1·um

‘rh

c 1L1ld.

1·c

. and

ut·c some inte e ting twilight

oc ·kc t s or sate l ites and they (Jh

tllcy fow1d sunrise s more

Belt ll spectacular than sunsets. Uh ,

l;.

I will try to explain that in a moment if I can.

going to go back a moment t o what Coope r J uh , what Schirra

uh, saw during a twilight right a fter sunset .

He obs erved) uh, the planet

Mars and he observed at twilight, the sun had just set, a very specta. cular array of colas , he describes them very carefully in the report, in the blue.: book, his 1iJ.ue book , and sumrna.rys blue book too .

d.escr-ibcd a ro.th r :Lnt

est:lng blue hand that ’ ”’ three blue bands ;

you r-an

o.11 0chi c a. ’ s hlues .

d.o qu • t

w 11, ./ i th bl1t ~s .

dark blu l j gh L on ‘j_t

. is true and he’s able to a da k blue , light blue, a nd a

He observe i1-i 1:1.

sn ’ l: know whether on

d ··_ fi ult word.

m nns the

When one says

lue was a

lighter hue or

nut 1 j t J it 1:ipp ‘1:1. ~ to be 1:1. iigr1t blue J and. one has

brig! I t J: •

W:l: ;

Uh , . .

/\nd t le worc.l “light” d.o

to use these wo tls

or what t hey stand.

Anyway, we uh , from what these

ob se vations v re is (reportedly) on to a tape and is and afterwards we are all very consistent .

construct this thing .

plca”ell w:i. Llt H .

We di<ln ’ t quit - know wl a t this thing (band)

s Lill not too sure .

I ook :i 111-~

Ll1<:

:;11.111c

[; j rn le.::;:.;

,m • :I.~-;

l111,·c·rvj nt,~

, ,. appr·ox·im11.L ·ly

ul1 , 011 ,

L’r •om 10

t.!1inr, .L:ik

I t (H.·ems

to huv

rh,

l1J1

that .

Uh, we think it might be

tube 1>c’c:tuse th

l, ·r:!111.Lqu v J\ r· t.:Lmi.ll1-; :Ls

l,h lrik 11(1:;ci 1,.1.Y-

We had an order to try to

s cond t me around he was somewhat, he was

was u. t; f ir st · ,.,, ‘r

11:;c·

. (debriefing)

The fir s t time a ound it needed a little correction

wr1en lkhirra saw 1.t; th

quit

Uh , he

Carpenter Jiad stn.rted.

Lil • O:loni sphcrc

. tomorrow is

edge on .

Uh . we

The ozonisphere

l’.> kilometers hitsh up to rO, someu 11lll.Ximum around 2:> or 20 kil omete s .

ozone 1i8 you know, is very ve y absorbing in the ultraviolet,

BE.:lt 11

·:wL c·tir11plcLc, ,dJsorl 1;.1.nl; lw·J.ow 3000 !“or s ol;ir radiation c.:oming

‘.rlu:, t’C :i.s anoL! 1e r· weak band o

y ll(Jw, t:tnd 1~, .c; 1

jn tbc

6000 Ur r1

i J• ·1iy c l ock

I ill

w- D.I< 1r1.om· l,11.nd p1 · :: orr, _(;h :ir1r’. .l .i k c· l;hn./., .

1111 ,

ozone i n the

ed,

• l,,,rnd uh , at , uh , di sta nce 5000 .

7000 and

./c · I.J, tir · )

r::

_.I

L11,:n·

absortion this wa y

And ·i (; clo

i:: PrLly an 1·q, 1i vnlc·1d; oJ’

s 11 tract ,

;2 rnjJirnc-tc1 ·s

n1il:iinc ·l,c-r:;

:t l·,mcl~JJl 1er, ,

J :i,g}1 l: .

i:; 01 · 1· (1111 ·~:” ,

!.11:1.I;

llow,,vc1 ·,

,·,miplc l.1 ,

l,e:1 ·1.1.11: :c ’

(r:orrt,j , 1111.1.t:i on )

o.L’ th

sw1-

wl 1e:n ,yu1r lo k at l.lrJs c:u.ge c,11 you ’ re look:ing throueh

:,o i I. <Loe ,:: :11./.,tl-j,c:t out 11 lot uf’ red

‘L li(‘t ‘1’ 1 :: iv: ‘.Y .

c; 1•r·l.:r.i11.J_y

/\11<1

1,_y

·1 l.l.1·:1.1 • 1, i 11,•~

I 11 i’·w l. ,

,/t • 1• ,.

l.:tkh11 •: ,

, ·,l./l’1’i111’.

ir,

]nl.

,1,

1.11 i ::

()I’

l ’(•d,

yr • IJ.c, 1✓,

111”

1•1 ·<·<:11

:in

1,/ 1C’

lilu · sky any-

i.11a1. ,111l. y1•11 ,·11d up w i 1.11 nnnLl,l·t · kJ 11’1 of’ blue .

i :: 1•111:i. l. i I, 1-1.·1:: .

1.J,,,y l 1wl l11·c•1r l,:tkin1,’.

l,fi← Lop

11nd

Ll r<’ ~(•

w-il. 11

I~, . we 1·1·11 ’ I, :-JLll ’ <’

a rr l

Ll,cjr · 1’.11 1 ,:amc- ·a

tllll

l.h(‘ll ycst.e:r’l.iay ,

u.li ,

~n the

Br:lt 11

The explanati on

,· ,mr i r·rncu. l ,y p! ,oi;ol,‘;rapliy, motion p ie t trre photocrap hy. I givr may or may not

J.n ok u. t all the

)C:

,ther p r·ohlcm •.

‘l’l1 . r, ’ n a l s o 8. dust layer in here within

l.l 1r· :.;j tuut.i.on d()wn

,lon ’ L know, :it rtuty be v ·ry c· ompli -1-it d . un oh .; r v1::1.Lion

I have n ’ t had a cha nce to

i[’.’.;l t , I don ’ t know.

lnLer <·(in1’:i rmed l fh ,

U11: wh :Ltc

so wh

.Y• uJ- 1, 1.1.notl, cr Get oi’ ast1·onauts doing <:nupcr · mack

•,ume v r:y intcrcs tinB ob 0

,·J011ds a rid 01 · ,· our~;c·

Ll1 ’

rcsL i s

:J.

rll)W

I Li’(’

1-1 111 ·l,:i 111’. ,,11 1.11, · po

<·-v a1r.l

1111 .

,. l<lild::

s olu r !“adiation and sort of

of ligh t here and y ou

l.‘ucto1· <>L’ t wo d :i f f

‘l’l 1i s i:.; p 1·1fpl,·

j n

you l o k ti.mm y ou ’ r·e e;ettinc u.h ,

r·je;rrt 11 hjrnl j(·, , you ’ r· ·· /’. t t:in1 ~ an ·i nte ri sem·rrt of , :.;c

”o 11crc ‘s another situation where

clown un t }1c <:l oud:.: und >-1.:i 1· p;low j::.; vr-r,y trarn; p,~~r-cnt Ll1at.. sort u !’ t hin/~~

l i clit too well

i1,Le C” Lin1:

e nt . 1eca1tsc the

I. :J.i. 1· 1~Juw expvt· .Lm-nt whi h

wi l l be

1,wl L. w1 • •

‘I’ 1r( · r ·, • ’ : ; • L11• , I.I 1( • r • i 1 1L< • 1·1 · : ; I. i 111 ‘.

I. i l, LI ( • l, .Y- 1~ I ·~x l 1 II” l, .

ln 1, w•i L:1 l trt mnon . ·r is i

ct.lWttys

c;low,

l, !1 • I.i s

(‘d gc o n u.lr ~low .

i l, i s r;omine;

thr our:h t he· rd r

But yo u also a:ce looki ~

through the a i r

oun ; you’ r e l ooking so t o f taking t wo pa sses jn::;tc 1;t.d of one , l onp: b i g pa t h and y ou a r e getting

1~- u w

:;omc .I i,‘-~~hi.. ; and _y1, u. 1H ·<~~ 11ul. /‘. -·l;t I ll’. vc r _y mur·l 1 l :i ht :f om t he s urf ace o f

1lJ i

i n / ,c• r·c .

./, :11

I JJ 1,

l’:i n e ,

j ll w 11i 11n ti 111 ‘. Ll1c ca r t J1 ’ :.,; Jen, : 1.ntl p· r l ,u _p:__; the’ l,J11 u 1 !.11 ’

/J. ,i , .

/ ‘..11 ,w Wi l (‘J I

l,l tl’/ ’( ’

j r•

n11

rrl( )() fj

McDj v.il.t ,tnd .fliitc·

i.l ’ the @)on is out :Lt il. w-as

J.i t tle bri r✓,htc r

t he ol·./1c r. wny ;.;,,rotmd.

l n Pact Lhe Lit i n,1~ 1.1 1

t I 1c

<I a _yt :lmc : .

J i)I(: o.r tl.c.:m11rk 11 t;:i.on :i s mu d , mon: 1·1 rw 1:1.t n igh t

T’h c c!.lty-L:i1r1c

1ll.t.Y

tl rc <” J owl si l,1J:·t1.:ion

i :::

tih

But

1,;h •

Lhc•y pre f er

t han i n

v er y d if· i c ult

effec:t 01. 11. :;ccms U11J.t they, they

ituati on t ytime .

I )/ I ’

11 1:t ln·

.Y’ •; : ’

, •111•

i I. rl 0)( …

: ; l ..•t l.< ·1 •1, •1 tl • .

lilt .

l, 11I. "" I.

v,·r ·,v 1t 1,, , · lt .

N, ,I

1.i 1c

1d . .

l tll ,

t he v l s:tbl c

3elt ll Lil

r.;low from the 1·onL :i nui;J…Y’,1c may have

c:u1..,.s e

pe ople t o think that

there ’ s ::; om •Ll L.i n11: very n1c1.[~~j c; a out Lhc.: 1~~reen (line) .

Belt 12

5~7’1’

4-477 atomi c oxygen g reen l i ne of the air gl ow

rom t he continual we may

have caused people to think that t here ’ s someth ing very magic about t he gree n (line) .

I f you are starting t he green line certainly you want

to observe the g reen line

are built very carefully to

obs rve (holding ) the g reen l ine j_n a nd uh, would continue (near) .

But

for

o.pplications it may not be alwuy” wise to sub tract the

(<.:ontinuim) .

In other words , while’ you ’ ce d nling with a nd this is a gain

Lhosc 1,000, 7000

. 23 mentioned .h ’ 77

j s

the green line right here

but tl 1ere ’ s a str ng con tinuim rig/it nlong he .re . thi s :i.s th

light we ’ v

been talkjng n.bout .

visnl>) c nip;ltt elow cdr.;c on :Ls is t he total. thcr

and just .

A lot of 1 ight here;

‘I’his visual n ight (glow) ,.,o there’s a lot of light

. :· n tl c :Jexto.nt experiment … . constructively

cr iti cal p cx·riaps th

r ,ason wh y th

. didn ‘t wo· k too well i s a f ter

one is throwing a wa y a lot of l i ght . foe J.ights you. know.

Uh , t his is not a s bad as the case of

Remember years ago the

‘rhey were li~ht wasters .

og light s were yellow.

There i s no r1.:ason, the only reason why they

wo. kcd. well is th .Y w 1·L· low down :;o cv ·ntuall,Y the yc~llow … . disappear . Hut .YtYll don ‘t; want t.o w;u:.:tc /J.liY Li1’.l1t. . ynu

t 1 1·

•

be r.·c

•

Howev er

·r us :i.np: l;l1c 1~re e n l’jlter and McDivitt p referred I ‘:i 1.·::; t

,,r· ul11~ r:rva.t.J1,n . I 1ow

u.h ,

t o , 1.cpcnds a lot your own method

J do w:Lr,t to po.i.1,L L,uL that on’ has Lob

on • rnak1.::i .

other

White will point out to

l-.t1irlf.’.f; ,

upplicu.t:i or1:-.; tlie_y

n1 · 1d

e glow.

Uh,

you. wcrcn ’ t l1ct·c ye st.e day ;

very ca eful ecall any . know a

J i.ttlc bit 1;tbout H .. lfli , I think I

shoulcl … . . senr·it i ve ity H ’ each of the astronaut s

start:i.ng with Glenn who l ad trouble getting … .

Well, I r eally don ’ t want to get into that t oo much for this reason. there will be a very

Finall~,

ine experime nt carefully planned through the .

I mean sensitivity uh,

Oh , uh , uh he wa n ’ t

O. K.

Well

Glen n didn ’ t u <:hang

able to n!B.k c the E:amc a<.: ut

t o get … . and therefore

observations for example, a s Cooper

was a le to make bcca1.we for example , I don ’ t think Glenn had an opportunity to really eet . .

and see very muc;l1 on the daytime skies but

you mean maybe, uh, tha t t ype of ult ,

W 11

uy, Y’S , uh, o

Oh, alright

v cn star light .

ine , alright , I see what you mean .

What was the (landing)

o bit magnitude? Yes .

0 . K. llh,

g oing bac k to … . let rn

Uh, in one

·a sc Coop - r -,as taking o. small, woke up and opened hi s blind

continue with tha t

and looked out and he was on t he dcr.y s ide . him, the

s u11

was d:Li:-c c tly behind M m.

any portion oJ’ th

The e arth was d irect l y below

Do the

a.rth was not illuminating

window nor- wu s :i.t; :I.l.lumina ting anyt hing that the

window :;aw.

‘l’hcrc :i.::; not prj ma. y , :Jee mlary … . a ca

Jjk• Liiat .

II<: hu.d. IL :p1·c •t,Ly 1~~oorl s :it ual,ion and 1~~ d i d ::,ee s tars in the

d:i.y l,:int<: ln.rl, lie cJjd h1d:i.,·11.tc Ll1at ltl ’ wns ,1ot ul>l

w, • l<.now th ’, ·e: ’ s :t tJ.ny a i 1• ~low l>uL J’.;

ab r,:Lnni :ng

f usu ,jcct:i.v

to S<’ •’ a s well in the

i ts vc r-y di LTicul :t to me a sure and he e

ob”c1 ·vntion of , of it s (me n ) at the

<>n uorir-d S<J what

tt1i1.t

d urlnp; the; clny sid.<.: one can :took and observe p hysically

the d ay air glow is .

have the orbiting . lem.

Now t his is very important b ecau se here we

next y ear and very i mportant background prob. observatories . .

Two of t he orb i ting

1:dr glow, t hjs air glow.

. are above the

nut the day air- g l ow is much higher and uh,

at l ea.st , there ’ s p;ood evidence in the rocket measurements that i t ’ s higher and i t ’ s sort of u.ssoc:iatecl witli a red air glow.

And,

so here ‘s

our situat ion where an o.etronaut was a1Jle to : mbjectively note the d i fference between day and nip:ht in the (sky) sec d1.‘)\v.J’l to 7tl1 antl 8t! 1 lf’ll:ll ‘.Tli turc were not

al>lc to sec so well.

Uh, McDi v·i t t and White were able to r.; tar::;

where as the other a stronauts

AgEr i .n i. t may be: 1:t question of

(darkmcntation) p erhaps not that much more t ime but uh ,

time

…

t hey were ge tting d own to uh, the kinda of sensitivity …

that uh,

should be possible under , under good condi t ions of dull a tmosphere . Uh,

should we mention a nything (about) the window (pane ) and uh,

to hear more about it, the question on did uy, White smear

someth i ng on

Lhe window or tak e something o:ff w:i L:h ld s elbow or somethi ng.

I t appeared,

rcom what w(~ heard, thn.t he tood sometl1:i ng oJ’.L’ there h~s been some nr:cumu.11;1 t i on ( ‘t) them ::.w:lt Le ring tile mc<li um on Lhe wi ntlow and we took :~omc

(;!’

:I t

oJT m1<i ,rltcn

Lhr-011 1•11 t.1 1<’ w-i11dow ,

i t look at whnl. lie d ici. they have to l ook inJ in

i L lnok.ed blac-k wlH-rc he ltnd. rubbed someth ing off,

:;caU.vrinp: u !T W-:iJ1d.ow w·J1l<:l1 !ind. a1T11m1Llal:ion (>1’ little particles which 1u ·c;

brou~hL or- ::a)lll:tltJ np: wl1i<:li wo11lcl get in tlic light t he place where

he moved i t :md. again

j t

lol)k ed.

I\u t 1cl’ter nll

the cockp i t inside is

:Belt 1 2 relatively b.l.ac k cornpa. ed to the 01 tsidc .

And th i s is true and they

J ooked out thro1—<13.h the ‘Window 1.1h , there seem d t o b e a change .

In fact,

they have a pl’1 otograp h of t h is ( spot ) … .

Uh,

talk abou t that .

they are very uh , they say the astronaut s have t aken advantages of every po ssible opportunity

t o note something unusual .

the (;opies . . to the :futu.rc .

Uh ,

And he keeps all

. . I think we can look a little b it

I th ink we uJ.l woul.d like t o extend the

. r a nge of

vi s i011 o.nd the wa y to do tJ-mt i s w•i t l1 inn ge converters . vc y ])rnc tic.:tl.l.

on ·

Uh, i

j s

Thia may be

des.line: with uh , the iclea of perhaps using

v iol t lens t·at11er tl11m 11 ulue to r…-;ct d own to a re g:Lon that is .

‘L

You mn.y ue /7, t t.! ng into cl. reg :i on wbere the eye

many ruo e c·ommunt::: on . snot ve r y

sensit i.vc or nots nsitiv • at a ll, yet i t is a very inter

esting re gion to do p ractical navigation well , there one can us e the image c;onverter and hav to uh ,

the eye become s ensit ive through a n image converter

(the near v:i.ole t) .

I’ om roc k - ts that

There are many ob servations tha t have made

are 1 a d to repeat .

We ’ re not sm·e thi~ happened b ut

Uh, for e xample , ultra viole t a urora .

uJ1 , two of th , se

nntl

L11rou~~l1 ,y_j r· ai1d. -Lt r:ot satura t d

WHS

a vc y st-.rong ll·: trnv:i o:JcL

Ftnd

. . in a rocket

it tm·n s out t hat it probably

u 01 ·1-1 over Wa]ll)ps Island .

t.w-o ol’ tile ( 1;1:l<· t..,lmc Lm··n ) worked uml l>ec:iuse ti icy were

J,i1…-;!1 ::i;rw,iLivlty l111L tl1c 11u ::;11 t

otl1t:l’

t wo W-< : r·<· … . Wel J_ ,

. . to s uch Lili ,

there .as

vj ::;1Lh.l • <:()tmt.cr·J)u.r.L 01 · thJ s aJ.”c:t; tile e Wl:l.s 110 w y of knowing it · .LJ J Les I 1avc

•

11<; tromJ.uLs

. LLltravio l c;t 1.:1.urora.

/\us tralia visually . c:onw-rt rs 11 I L.

n, vi oJ ct.

I ,.

,. • I I i

And f’o r t unately

Ll1cy

Wi ~J 1

rr\j t,‘.llt p•ic ·k

might ’ c able to l o ok a round and

•r1,cy saw l”.hi” aura a j_n south

LI 1ft t ‘s l;I 1e bcginni.nt;. 11p

Perhaps With image

s om • 0Ll1cr · aurora . C/’. ‘i on ; r

l. ~ 1

I •

we don ’ t know whether :I

o w he: r< · af,:a i :, ”‘“n j magc, converter

,1jll <‘nnvr•r- … . l i1~hL Lo v •i.:-.;al J c

I i1 ~ti1. .

l, ;1eir 0 1, servu.tions

Uli,

l.haL have 1Jri n mucic o f U1esc neb locil.ies (? ) which may or may not

,,e so , th s • are ulLraviolet nebuloci ti . s (?) in the 1200- 1 300 Aw in on

r g ·on .

migli L h a v

in a rnutt,,r· o(’ u mnm nl.

I think

Jir·oblem(? ) -.,,e don ’ t

J i:; t

Lhv

1.11!‘.Y t;cl]

t::iL ,·01,u11I.; ; when

1.I1i1w. on our

r,ror:r·arn

.voI1 ahou ’,

anu I. ey ’ ve

I.I,<: 1t:~l. rona11L” ,

i::;

th , wh en … .

::;uvgcsl. w<’ l.ake u. <·orfee 1;r co.k whjle

ohviou’.;ly 1,<:en d0l1.l.,yed :;o I wail. for f.hcm … Wc ’ l

cul. our· c:ol’f’ee bn,1:1k shor L.

McDj vi LL ar,d Colon 1 WI, i L

Uh ,

Jl I witril,<·d Lo ca.v 1.th , I tun ::;u1·e you ’ ll

(,l111.l . ’ :; a.1,oid.

l.h c,y :lf)l,) un-d ;

j n:; Ln.w1cn .al

an see this

In I.Iii :; L.Yfl<’ or <‘X[K’ r· i.mcnL v<• r·,y diffic 11. t o uchie:v .

know .

‘l ‘h

or c ea te an i maee

luok o.t u linL!(? ) untl :;ee if one

M1 y1n· on …

tlC’buloc i Vi~,; (?) .

‘,l(’ J]

un j rnal~l’ c onv er L r

hfav

silown u J her(’ .

Co lone an

Uh , mayb e we

r co11 11t. (?) , I. k • a min11l.c uncl .c ecouriL 1·0 -c th~~m what w~~ • ve cone . our 1nLen1. l1L’r 111

was Lo 1,av←’ each or 011r· exp rimcntors p,o tlirougr1

i>:L< · k1-’. r· <ll111d or

: ,.1 :;u 1.ivv :;,1111,

I.lie 1’Xl’c’ 1·i 111<‘11L ,

/‘.l)

lll’ .VPlll’ ( ’ ( HnllH’til . :; ,V(l ll

I l1 r-ou gl1 1./w /‘.i •VI·

t’.o

•xp rim nl, , and

1 111’111 .v

~I.L’f’ a,Y ,

I 1.11 i .1k l.ll• t ::p<·ul~<· r·( ·t )

w•J1Jlli :q11,n·,· i:1I. , · ,

i 1· .vo11

W(11il, i ,

c·omrn, )11I. ;-; w,d < l,:;1:r·v d,i,,11:: 011 “•t<‘h ,i1 · Ll1L’..,e

I icip;il,c•il rllf>r’l’ l. /1(‘0I

l/11111

f.I1(· O(lf!Or·l.1rnit..v

l.l1i111’.: : w< · ,,,, ·11!.

Uh ,

1.. 111 · (~:wil.< · lt w:,:: I<, IJ.:-;I<.

1.IH’.Y lall<.< •d :Jl1011/

u l1 ,

t.h

,:ave s,.‘ll\e 01’ .,·otr own

•.· p • ci.mc1 l…; , wh re ,vou

i11 opcrat.ion ·! ) ,

l’<.’ W qtt(• .:i.ion u 1> ;1~,1 ·

a11tl , uh

ar -

‘;ive

on :..l ie o.h(‘Y

I.Iii:; morJ1i11 1’ … An c .L ,rtw ss Lhis morn · ng

I. 1r·<111 f’. l1 Li,,, m<‘di1 ·:d

,·xp .riu1< •11I: : I · Lrsl …

Lhc me .i c· l

e:icpe r iments

<[j)

’

Be H 12 and ,

L, cholce

oJ.S

Lo how you …•…

(l.ctually ) Lwo r ours in space . I don ’ t think the re a re any questions on tha t . Ha, Ha .

The X- ray s ( ’?) dlcln ’ t c.:r.a.1 se any sign if · c1::1.nt ha dsh ips as far as the … . Lo fl lgh L.

‘l’he y mtvl- u::: get up wh1-d. , 10 minuL •[:

a r li ·r .

Yr·1;.h . you cw huck ( ‘t ) L ,uL.

W<: J

~;lncc Lhcrc was ,mly

1. (?)

I gue ss

‘l’l1ut ’ s most ::;er lous p ro h em<• a.nd I wan Led a milkshake or something

as soon a s I landed and I c uldn ’ t have it . calcium until

aid I couldn ’ t have any

what , ( 20 hours afterward s? )

/\s far as the flight probl ms ‘l’hat’ s a pretty safe f oar (?) my hce M”ne ’ s all hale

rlid.n ’ t hurt at all.

up .

Tin. , Ha .

1 did.n ’ t trd.nk yo u had enough

hield c1.L Lhe rnom -•nt

(?)

Ila, Ha .

1’he uli , phon cardiogram (?) like s ome of the othe r se nses (?) … eouplc day~ (?) Noi. so LhaL we coult.lr1 ’ L

arry on the mission .

JL w.t ··n ’ t any more t;oL11 ·rsome than u1.v ( l f the o Lhe r ones . l. ’ db’enh1 L •r•st.cd

in ,

LnLcrestc\1 ink.110wing , uh

the … .

rcsu It.:~ of Lhein . It, h:;.~;ri ’ l.

l” ( Jlll< )

lJp … .

v,• .•i.1 1. Wl 1LL

I ’ rn

·(• 1.dly

int.el’l’::1.vd

i11 is wl1 L’Ll1\· r· or 1tul. our m

l.l 1c

mi<·rupl1,>11 • enough 8(> Liu.LL you 11,• LnJ n lot.

1101,

ncc!cssar· il.v

1u·

l1cur· L .

I~ L. Wi ’

)i’

ion dist rbe d

other· things … an

uh , a.lw· ys have the band on the … .

• I

.,,,_

. Belt 13 ua

h- … . . man on the t ape .

1’he EKG?

On t he bi ometry tape r ecorde r . ‘l’ney we r e arr a nged in s uch a manne r that the - the phonocardio 1~rwn by it self was not

r cor clerl on both t ape recorder s .

only r-ccor dc <.1 on one tupc r •cor de r.

/.nd s in,~c_: we were not neces::;ar ily

inL · r es tcd in thl: mun wl1u wu~ u.wa k<! , l,ecaus e : r.ii.1 y oL1 we ·• ·n ’ t. 1-~n ing Lo L 1.> ll<:

w ·nL to :;J.ec1, , lJ • !J

I’ L.ight pr oflle

0 11

t.hc

I, i omud j om

It was

was mov i ng a r ound

l,J

gc L uround t q t.t :J.L anyw:1y .

LF.l.J)

r 1 c:0r<l r

w:i.:; un .

Whe:n(:VE::r

Most oC- the

d …

Do either oi· you talk in y our sleep?

~o , I d on ’ t

eliev e so .

Jim doe s n ’ t, do it?

The r e we re around

ome - thr oughout the sl ·ep I f elt

move d my a r ms an

J o nly u e 1 bout hu.l

l,1t:: IJ1·:<: n

JJ, ,,

r ·<k po::i 1. ,,

tri d to get. mor e

I know I moved

omf rtable .

o f my “i r st Lhrc c sleep per i ods , whi h …

b.v Lite l.lm

Lite l.ld. r d X- 1·ay was being …

i. L l::; ul I he:a.l(:ci u_r, rlghL now.

Wu don ’ L r ·,dly l1nvc tl1 c tl.uLu yeL ,

e hcu rd

ine .

h i. i~ rnurnirw I.I 1a t

‘l’l1crc is nv hin g \ffong with it . l ,ju;;t talked to Dl’ .. … .

13 Lo 10 p<: t’L’. nt , H to 10 pe r ce n t calcium

d c l’ i. c icnt . We 11 , we mud • u … uwJ

N”I. •p1i l.1· al I

11,1,(‘k a11 cl

L ,tm a.f r a i 1l .;..~ l o s s - nut quit e ba k

w, · w, :r1·

:1.

Ii 1.1.11 • 1·ur j_n11:,; .

We wondered iI~ maybe

o 1ffovi e ex Lra shiel • ng on tr,e right s id; of the pilot ’ s heel

unt il a couple of week s from now we w · 11 chec cur ios ity .

it again out of

It is not part of the p rotocol or anything else .

1~at ’ s all righ . )\11t ,

Now WC reali ze Lhat you have

1:1.re _just c;11 r’io u::.: Lo n na 0111, .

W(~

,j,1:.;L l,c; en pu.rudi111~ ---

jomp a r ound on it i.!1

••… Lhe mure you

more .i L <.:ome s back .

ou ’ t know .i.f’ you think you have lie •n jomp j 111~ more or …

[ wilJ. L1::ll y ou unE: thJ ng - I n&.ven ’ L hud. my f’:..i.lr share of ice ·re n ttnd mi 1

llad yo 11 taken your last X-ray:;?

Postfli.ght

I ,c

10 < ays itl!<l i L Litrn

W1~

ju:.; L l1ad Ll1 m.

Cl.lJne

ouL Lo he l? , I beli vc .

tile ‘/Ll 1 r ichL , und -re

Lhe r e i t is

n,iw and

w, ,

W<, j j ,

V’Uf’ i r::..;

L_y

t.11111..

n<.i

I 11 ,w

w’: ’

11:Ld

wi.;

cx:pec · i, . ti

! l o

it y esterday morning ,

WI”

u u l ,

l.11at

variable , but it is

011’

: t.

WUlLld

b<2 back up by

j ir-(.: .

mun_y )•<.:1·1 ·<; 111.

I ,c.: l. w, ·en l,i IC

v,·,·.v p r ,~li111i 11:tr-.v 1Hiw . .:l.i 11

·C

I mean Lll:~L :i.s

it i:.; ri,il. <Jl.l i t,r, l ,,t · I< n ‘nr

wl111.L j I,

i 011:;

of exerci,3c, and …

j on

IL is not u d irr~ct, f1tncL i on cllr

J u

23rd, al.Jout the 25nl day .

I thj nk if i L . s a (\me

,j1 ,:.;t u

it was supposed to

.i.L ’ s u llttle over 10 day s

011L ,

l. w 11

i.11,)::, ·

l\ j”

d o w n

.Y Il l ,

l : ;

/\ i!d

L :

C:in yo t

Lile r•c

1:l. l’C

t:ell?

S t..ill

.v,·:;l.c rdu,v , ; nd we - Lhcy we r e

p r· 11,t”l.i,·:,. l l_y w,·I. w11,·11 w1· w1. r c , hii,11~ i. t ,

i ,u t. we n.r e

:.,

ill

Belt 13 JH’O.Jahly

4 l.i r ‘.:,, p - rc.:ent. b ]ow wha t tho:;~ wer

f _Ligh L:; , ar1

_y, u wt:: r e wh r::n we took our pre

e::;pe c _· c.1.J l y the fir::;t t wo .

ve ry cons tunt

Well , if we are st.:· 11 4 o r

5 pe r cen

down , t hen we onl y we n

down

a b out E3 per ent . High t . What is the ~enslLivlty ··n your meU1od ‘t

Well, 1~,i

poinLeoJ out L11i.s mornine ,

:1s I

tlii 11k w

are de1’inlt.cl.v within

,111 s ·v,:ra.l mnchi_n:; - m .11.Y

w1: u.r e not. Wl1u.L w : 1:;

if. , erieml:::: on t he situation , b ut

prircc n t .

lt. - we produced i t

Li.rne:.:; we, /J;<.;L much r· lu::; er

th :-J,n that , but

we d1)11 ’ I. wa11 I. Lo ,-~O 011 I. <1 11cJ ::.ny U ,al, we :1.re -

yu ,, r- ex.per i_cn<.:,: wlU1

I.ht;

Lt var ie s .

·M:cc i :;e?

Yes , well JeL m· <.:oounen t.. on Lh i.s fjr-::;I.

liecau:;•.::

deviated

C think I

l’u.r t he r t e exp riment .

But afte r

getting any exercise at

all , and ther e Li; a J tmit t o how mucb push

ing on t he

t,vp1~ I

xerc ise r t, hr ou1~ hout Lh • r emainde r of the

oL 011.ly a ,; a mcLl1 n

l. ll.p; •Ll ll ::

_[ :;11.w l ’ il. .

I.()

1•: o

of e:,rnrcj 1;e a s pn;s cr ir)ed

dlt,Y ;c;

/\nd. [ did do L. l1i :: t. llrou,~!1 1.1 1e r emuin

1J.11rl l ,c (‘llpli.lJJ•·

Ly rn,y ::, · l r l.l1 n11 l.u :;o r- L 01· s l.n.v

I.,, /,;c: L Oll l,;; ide tl 10

i_n Lo a p11 mpk in .

Ii ·aJly . we w ’ t·<· 1· i pul. 11 d . ,. v,: r-,yl.l1ir 11~

‘l’l,<: r

our medi cal

: ,uu1l: LI I Ln(!

I. i k<: Lt at ,

of the

spacec raft

ouL r ather

1a.n

[ Lhou ht it was f u nny .

J wa: ; 1•:(~l. l. .i11r1, muc:1 , l,:s :; exe r cise t han

w:_,1,:-:;

in LI,<· .;I .a e u1 · l 1ibernnl ion .

1<. i 11d u 1· lik<‘<l _y,>11r , ·onm1•11 l. yc s t.eni:1..v , :;omethi11,~ l.1 , n Ii 11 11

al,w a ” a J’o r m ,,!’ r•x ·t·cis i.11:\ my ar ms and legs ,

liul.

pa::i::c•:,; ,

11nwr ‘v,•, ·

2 days I felt tha t I wasn ’ t

·1oor Lhat y o1t can do , ~;o 1 , ot c l ,i.cance f’r om Dr . Grady ,

1…o go ahead and u.,e the

1’ I igl1L .

u.bou

a ::p1 1rL (i:.u·J.‘f i11 1.11 ,; r1 · 1~l1t. whe n I

""l. , ,‘.1;l.L i111 ~ ,·v c r ,y Ll1i1 11:; :;L,>n·il 1.Je1’,11 ·c Lh

I h ad an i was g e t”ng

~VI\ n…‘1d we

Be lt 13

ad a

ot o •

a fa ir arno u.nt of exerc •se there .

Then I found I could

r each eve r y th · ng that… I needed t o reach without real ly … myself all ove r the inside of the spacecraft .

I manage d to get all the food

out wh ·ch is a - in a lg is a fairly d “ff icult f-’.cL

j t

tho

, j u : ; t .

lef’t 1)11

alwa_y:;

wu 1.lclJ1 ’ L go lme;k l1uve

e fforL

a n y

hat…

‘l’riey we r·• 1:.1. ll … 1,.n<l 1.h·y

olT . l

o u t

Wf: r· •;

i 11 l,u I.I 1c I 101 • an ti

und I j 11st jerke

got the first one

in 1.1. box ri -~ht ur::hind me and It…

w,L ~; big

n o u g h

::;o

i I. wu:.; taped u ..Ll … und I

t .

d.i<.ln ’ t

so J ,j1i:;L rea ·l 1~d back und f “nd it, ,

t.he rH.:issorr; an

l’for t whatsoever

ani.i pre t., Ly :Jeon Lit -. next m•~ul would flop o L

i_l,

would Lak

•ver, once

l1 u.n(!. LJ1f-’: <\111. .

Lo worry abuu.l. .Lo.’.lin1,1, i.L

t.11en I

1;0

a sk, I manag ed to

c11L that

one

o ff, wi. h no

• d I antic.:.ipatecl Lhut I mi.gilt have to Lur n

around and read1 back in t,herc an

)UJ.

d o

lot of exerc • se s

t hut … /\notliu· thing Lhat we thought mig11 t,

_you !1ucl t..o mak

rov .i.de exe rci se just d • dn ’ t so

And I W<.1.:m ’ t l,IJ11L - I d .i dn ’ t fee} l ike d uring

i ,.

a I < I. t> f ex •r ·.i :;(: :; !‘or c:;crr i :.;c :.;nhe !>••cu.use wu weren ’ L getti ng all 1.11,) ; :lr·e11

l.i1al. wit:;

t.11<)11 1-’.llf. w<·

I.,> Ii · du.i.n1-’. p1i::l11,p::

1~11_yLlli111:

I t.hi1d~ LtJ1.1.f. ::om•·Ll 1i ng uq.~i1l. v<..: 1:.1.n.: 1t:.; • 11,’-‘.

110L

1.1.

l1 ·Lv u and L ,justl l, sl. the

I ih: 1.1,a L,

.u ;-• c111ul·

} 11 .

1.l1e

u wo.rk

l ear l.11 0ugh ~- re , I t1 i n k in n

r. pcri.m•n1. he r· (• :L: ; i.L wa~: dcs i gnc (;LJ.Jl~tc i Ly

es j re

I did feel tlla

I.he wo r d c;n: r c.: i.:; • r;J.l.l 1c r· l” t ·c ly he n~

:~en:;<.: , und :11,i;o..i11 11<..:c .:::Jar L .V -

:;J1,>11lcl

lay

o n u n o n

w-a,; no t

or u wnrh hear t cupacl 1..y te s

thi n1’. dc:1i 1’. n’d Lu pr vide Lb· cre w witli an extensive amoun

Relt 13 c1xC;lrc i :;e ,

a11d I

U, ink - I

1-~1tc:;:;(•1 l be l1n<i 1:2.1,01iL

r;uei;:: bC(’.:.1.u:;r, -

you probably -~ might have

60 pt~!L:; l,haL yr, u were rc :flly heaU.ng yourself

11p a llLtl c t,it, wider Uios<:: condit ion s .

We ll, I made the c orn.men-L that 50 was k ind o f Lr-Lvi al. Hight. ‘then I said Go warmed me up in the :;ui L more than I would h ave liked t.o Jta.ve !Jeen, I

mt1.de me a 1 i Ulc

was kind 01’ wHrm mos L of the Llmc a nyhow, and it just

So j L wa:;n ’ I. a r e al big e x ercise workload ,

WFlrmer .

l.!1c k i nd ol’ cxercl:,c that. you would uo over ir1 Lhe gym.

HLe;hl,.

I L!1lr1k Lho.t, s<.>m<: pcoJoJe

Lld.ng -

thi:; exer cl:;cr -

l.l1e word exer cise ,

j1 1sl, :~<)!,

a miscon ception of this

Lti<:: J’act tl11..1.t. we call .i.t, that that we use

Uw.L we should u~<:: Ltie proper pros:pective

here, what ac Luti.11.Y was Laking plu<:c, wr,ich j s u very short spurts ol’ energy expenditur es; yes, l:Jut not, exerc ise lik e in a gym or a real good workout, oi’ ti.ny Lype .

Do you fee l

Llw.L the ventilation in the s uit was ade quate?

I did, but Lhere again, i t was adequate; but marginal. do u. lot, or cx:c r ci:;e, wl1cn 1•:<1 1q,

r~el , a tie:.1.t l oad .

As n. matter

f act,

wn:; cxcr-c·i:.: lng i t lo!.. f co1 1 ld :LcLually reel tl1c heat going

!11Ln m,y ::idc ,,t· L1 1e

l.111rn

.vo11 w0t 1ld

You couldn ’ t

I di,d ul I during

:; 11i.l. u..l:;o . tl1e

/\rnl 1,:,t hall,, -

Ed i’clL w:ir mer

f ‘J i1.’:f1L.

I think you itrc u w1J.r e L11nL .vo11 l!ad Lljl’fci-ent Lt’mperat11res on our suits .. Wlii. c 11 wi lJ lic.l.J> ,:x:plu.:i.n I.he di l’f’erent-v Ln th() rcelings as far as the <·11vi.ru11.men,. IJow co1!1u. .Y<ll1 J’el.!.l. Ll1e l10u.L whc.m he cx:eccisecl’! Well,

i L i:;

clos, •d loop.

’!‘here are Lwo brancl1es to the loop.

… Belt L:1e hot, air went o t , went. through a bunc.

l3u.L un

eventua.l ly <~a.me

mine d.id . t.i.nothe r

a ck into both of our

di dn ’ t have a c lo se

c ontrap tion s

su its again ,

loop for himself only, and I had

We had u clo.s d loop t h.1t was closed - but we

clo ce d loori .

t l e air

wr;re f,f~r.1, u I” t, h t; 31’1-me mi ,di u.n :i ·u.l .lfl j , , so thuL 1mytim 1 • 1· 1J.

same way that

temp -

L,ir·c: wenL up 1.11 L11

hr.;i,1, L

1.0

•t

or ‘Wli<:: Lite r .[ w .ld ,<J the 11,:u l,

•

i. t. wcni. nc ros s

lieut C::xc ange r u d i t was onl.v takjng out so m1

·he

h of the heat , so

.it essentially i t came .in a liLtle h.i.r.rhe r tempe r atur e than i t would have i f he wasn ’ t

exe rc ising .

So , you can notic

these small temp

~ r ature change s . Wtts Lh ’ no j t : - level assoclut

d wi tt, the c old u. i.r through the …

Lllink SO , yes ,

l’ r·ob11hl,v no ,

IJuL [ Lhink .oroJal,ly .v01 1r 110i s e .in .vour

·r - wns s o mucl1 rn0.r

Limn L111J..L

y(/ 11

pr· li abJy didn ’ t

· nte r com was even n ot · ce i t

IJ..!:i mu.It llS y,)H had .

You e;cL u s e

Lo .i.L .

J’u t. llke flying Lh · p3__:;

ie re Lhat is noL used Lo Lhe hot m11.k e;ct s ri r etty :.1. r e

usc1

l l11f, yt.ti

h,j cLiona, ~Lc i.ri

1.l.

you ge l

somebody i n

si.L tine; in then. i t p robably

shor L pe r i od 01’ Li.me , but whe n you

Lo Lilul. , 1_,1,l’ Le r a Jicr· i. od or· L im , yo11 .u1 w there is a noi se, know wh:LI. i.l. j,s and y u1 J e:11i1 p11l. i.t away .

I t.1i · nk another

1•1-1•n · i :;c r·, l11r!. I.Ill’ dt,;J i r•,. I.,, <I, , 1. l.l1t1111-’.ilL t!H·L·c was a Jccr 1;asing

I di cl wlta.L

I did

l.!11; :: 11:u.:0<· t·1,.J’I . 11rn11,t:<i:.;::ar· i t .v . J

,Ju11 1 I,

IU l( l-1

wlH•l .!1 f;(’

Ll1i:J

i:;

.”L

,,If ) I ,,irn11t ’ r ing tL L’c>i ind tl1e in s i e of /\s 1·:u· il:..; the w,1rkloa

i s conc erned .

e;etl i11;’.

c) r’

I. ired [l l’,) CSS ,

1,o the l ack

::11.rne

r, -,: I i 111•. .

Lli <l _y,>1 1r fr :1.i.k 1:ll:c-Lri c :;Lul,lc; <: h ur,~<: wurked un e lectron and magno

meter

we d’dn ’ t get any performance at

Firs t

f r om an instrume ntation s tandpoint , we had - the switches

were accept · l’>le

even

o me, I thought E

Lo ttu:·n Lh o:;l: 1.ltin/-‘.S on , I <·u.11

Ile swiv l

wa s asle ep when we had

hucl Lo r 0.ar.: r1 ac r oss 1.,ri.th this thing we · o abo1 tl, Lhis lone:; 1;,,nd has an un sually

sl,ick wl1 i d1

::.l1aped end on iL Lhut we Lhem

all on those three .

OLtld

at: 11 1rntler t he switches and flick

and off wi.L h iL .

di cl ym1 ::; e Lhe … … .

exl,enrl’(

No . LL wa :;1 1’ L ex.I. nded?

No ,

,msn ’ t. ex Lende

• t,

IJ i.d yo1, ever

e tllc Lh

lJO.t:k encl,

y ou ge t far enough back

Lo get Lo look in deep enough Lo s~ c it? No . Di

you h e ar it extend’?

J\lo .

I ex tended l t I.he

‘I’! 1rot e;I Hrnt I.I 1 , r Li.1:’.I 1L :d,1Ju I. , /11:;I.

‘J

i11

v.Jl1

wl 1a L did i L

it . ycle the r e ,

wu 1il d _yu11 :~ 1. 1.,•rnpL

l.u , ·xi.end ii

Going

• .

.l rough the

r; _yr.;I,· ali<>11I. 11 or· ’, Lime:· <1 11r·i111’. I.li e f li;·:111. , c· 1J.::,·

:: ,>1m·l. l 1i1 1~‘.

111ii-’.l1L 1-’. ’ :I. <nil. I.>

rttil.11 i 11;-’.

w(-.. pru mlJJ y -

see

l.hu.l. IJ,I1.,.yorn) !,jm • t. h r<· 1,: ~:.; ~ome\ .11 in y wr n s 1.,ri th

w•>1J ld 11’ t, exl.«:11<.l ,

.1 11: : L

wl ,a L -

Lime l n,t I really- clld.n ’ t

Linu;:.; .

i 1, c: u ‘..:<:

1·;,t., ;11<1

l ‘i r s L

·01 1 I <I

i I. .

w:L:.;

w ,· 111111’. w ii.11

it. at

w, - r v vc· t· r ·Lra · l.(:tl i t ,

n.11.v

::;u ,

l)B

Lim

if wor s ,

l,1,v,: Ji; tpJ >( •11e <I .

•11 did _yu Ir l.11 n I Ll1c t;w i 1.ci1 11 1· I’?

th:.1.t l t

‘l’l ll ’ … … … ··w i.tcli .

h en

8 /\s soo .-1 as i L sa i.t

j L

w:.: exter ded

in Lhe

after ul1ouL jO secor

s or so .

What

ever

·1 • ght .

jO se conds . Have you g ot uny data buck on it y et ? ;;e;v n <>n

hr.: c:ornpu L r .

/\ny ul.l1e r

q,H:~t. i 1m:; on l.110:::

Wl iat

U1 r e ··r

wus U 1’ c:o:.: 1. o i” Uie ph o ogruJ1liy ·r

‘J’Jie Wt;:.i.Lhe r

and mar· ne

pl1oto1-~raphy .

o· . you skip M C- 10? Okay I

10 . say we g ot some good picLure s und I appreciate i t .

wou d like to

’!‘here again , ll. w-u lmve any

traiglil. fo rward experiment .

We didn ’ t

i L”i”i.culty ~ri th iL .

T ’ ve P,OL a cou-p.l thaL

a pretty

of q11e:.; L.i nc abo11L Lile FJS5 .

u.me up llli.; L night.. .

I\ couple of things

You sa..i.d - .vnu know Llie sys t ma tic photo -

graphy aero::.: :; Ll1” lfnltc<l ~LateG , cvcr.v

‘..>

sec on s , how cli

you t ime

that?

Count , or c:lock or how . Jock tha

we got in

mL u t:· · uwl :.:e ·u11 ::; , fi.nd L 1e11 J cor1Lr,,1..Lcd s pu. c raft

o.n · then I

J. s a r t.e

I :;<•t• ,

i.t1’

t’V

nt. Um r wi L!i Lhe ili1~i Lal

J•:d ,· riink •d

1J.11

LIii · cnJr1 · r u.

at)( l took

111

I It -’

pi c tt r

llid 1.11<~ :;wn,· :rn l, .i•t;L , du _y t’lll l.l 1in k 1.l1u.l, one man could lii rm;(; I 1·.

‘l’l,is

l,1ik ·:: ll<il,h frl/!rt L

Lhir 1k so ;

:;p: 1.(’(•c · n _1,f”1.

iinpu t·l.nnl. l.,l

l..i du

.!(’

o thi s by

t’I i:~l1L pl ar1 , li O y ou th ink i t

i I. ·t

i L wou l cl lJ • v c; ry t1 · (• fjc-1tLL :1.:: yu, 1 Luke

I.lit- pi.<· l.11r • :; .

o time

-jt,

and ’“‘ontrol

t he

,.. ,., Belt 13

I think you could get some degree of pictures, but I don’t think .hat you could get the same set that you got .

The set we lostin

lhe southe r n [JarL o • Mexico , :): beb.eve I did one time when Jim was

b.S.leep , but it was not near l y as long a pe ri od and I think it was onJy 1>roliabl,f about 12 p.icLure s . tt,e c1.1untry

‘l’hl s i s shorter :p iece, but

i.sn ’ t v ry Jung .

Yes .

W•11, w-ere focusing it u,en Ed . Yeah ,

( j us l, wan led t o get l L till :.;et up aheo.d of time, and by the

t.i. me we pas:c:ed t he re we <lid.n ’ t chang

l t, a grcaL deal.

But

on the

pass that we made a cross Lh

Unit e d ~Late s, iL wo.s , I think, most

pre cis ely held. straight

and w-r: . went much longer p eriod of

own

time and there were contr ols that were made, and to sit t here and

v1’ th the controller and time yo urself and turn the camera

1’ .. ddle

and take the pi lure , you can ’ t., do

it,

as exac.: L 1::1.s you c an . •

1 w· 1 L -µu L Lh1 LL in as a l’:Lrrnat tve reque .~t f’ or my e xperiment

Okay

if at all pv:,sj l>J c , ltave boLlJ p i lot.:; on the joli . l•‘(ir

niw

of .v011r :ieq1, nee ricl.ures .

Y1:ul1 .

‘l’h c;>S<;

l•:nrl

!Jc] I. .

01’

0Ll1;e

vrie.s,

L/1e

ta.r g !. … .. .

Belt 14 o . K ., I ’ m ,~c,ing

o pu

Lhat … udrlrer;c p refer request for my experi

rmmt if Lht1.L i:,; f..t.L :.:1ll po:i” i.ble to hl:I.V(; uoth pilots on

he job for

any of your ~eq ence pictures . Another one’ s Target of Oppor unities i f you … … . t.be one::: I.ha … . . you

the cont rols ••• • •

we ’ ve got you w ren’ L all s ro.igh ene d o t ••••••••••

on ’ L nee: ’:;r:a r i I .Y f>u:;:: CN<: t

I.It m

1.t1ing l.!le,y w nt. Lo Luk.~ fL T>i.t; II r

‘l’l 1

on ’ t nee

y uu know .

o[’ iz ov’r her·

iL ’ s best Lo

Lake a picl.ur, .

You guys cerLa.inly hu.v• your eyec upen l.hut volca11

shot

buy s11me of those things —

..hat re:;hoL sl..r11r.: u re espc<· i.u. ly , ..ha ’ s r eally

going Lo give u:; L 1e miJ •age . Could you make a comment, ,just. on the gene ral :; .u.billty of the … . .. pulsing und you ::toppe<l once , and you were wait -

:;p cecraf’t

jng ; how l ong djd 11. take for r ter: l,o build 11p , for instance , how I on.g co ld 1:.1.

(’

Whoev r go .

ror him toge

Llow co n t. on 101:1ybe p,1 l l j ng p o:;ition

~uy i I, ta _:.; him a 1;ouple of

r t.c:; :;Lopp d l ’ ::1.ar-L·d .

11, v1•

l.o

,vo1i ’ r ·

in(;r-t. i1Llly

i:: p 1·neUr·1Ll l,y nil • •• • •

.vuu. ’ r

n’1111·tnlh· 1·,

l’ix.‘cl

I.Ii, >111-~I• ,

:t: :

_y,>11

get• .v, 11r

rat.

••

u1<l l11<: Ll1i11(’ ’ :… rota .i n~”; 1m erne

:1.11 stopped

.h yo

L :: t<.rpp<·d w i Ui Lh • r e:: pr.::c I. l.lt:-1.L wha • y~,u wan • •••

l•‘o rt..v llcgrc..::; Jl r rni nu!… Jtt:1 ·

:.;

·<•1) 11d .

in l.l 1: ~:atn· v•in , r!o you noLic<’ 1rn.v rc:Lc:l.ive m,,l,ion i . 1· r

ays

There ’ s n(JLhi11{~ to make them i,?;O except that

r u l.al.ine; rn:u·liinc•1·y wl1\t ;l1

l\t 1l. yn11

n gen ral?

‘L wh rn y u ’ r

:i it:·· de , wl\ ‘ll you <l i..; Lur

he space -

i L , when y ou move aro nd

1d, n. l l’

I , ·,Hild t’<’•·I

1,:c1 111,,virl{J, a1 ·nu11il ,

l 11il

1-1l1<‘l.i1c1·

L r,~l

it. 1 ving aro n

l5elt 14 was acLually

a:; … \i cau ::e 1’elI,

oving Lhe spa u: raft or whether I

it , either tha , now I

moving ar oun

cc:t.use he

move you r eally,

Jut I ’ m s,lrC! that you quite fe l t some ( stabl e?) ,

L ’-’

.idn ’

Wu’.;

ti umping

I don ’ t lm ow whether it was tha t kind of a

<> r wh t.t1e .r· l t, wan the :q 11i.·ee r1J.l’I, e l ‘l’c! c· ts . Y, >11 cJ u 11’ l, l,1 : nd

Lo … … _y n1 1 don ‘t, l. 1 ·11d

I.,;

,hing I was fee l ing don ’ t •••••••

1.i <;l~

11p

Lhe:.;1 ’ motion~

l’l’Um 1.11~ ::Jl l( ’ (.;CJ’llf ’ . • • ••• rcrnc111b •r

:;eve r ,‘il Lim<•:; wh •fl I kicke d into tl111 !‘ootw IL thu.t you

111intioned ; you co, .LrJ heu. l’ that , buL J ’ w ~~ur e 1.tnJ.t wa~~ ,just :.;orne

i.,h ’ ng ,ha t he heard , a nd tbat I d i dn ’ I, r ,. ally < i. stu r

Lhe motion of

,he s a ce c r aft . u.!Joll

Wl1F.1.t

Lh • ext rnal ly … I mea 11

I :;u r·c

wu,r. .

l\u L I

u. l:rn lo w w i ,

coul d y ou cli s tur b •••••

I. kn •w l,h • t,j in

l,oo .

whcri , 1vhen J k.i.ck ed off

l111 r- d 011 I.he :;pac: c·1•1:J.i’t , :·o I … and U1i:; was t1 1,~ t.i mes l,hat I wanted L<l

i.i;

Lirnc

L all I.lie \o/H.Y

1.LaL ,Jim r em: trk(: .,

::u. i d , ” 11,-y ,

: ,.nd wlw rt

::,:c ·ond

U 11’

‘l’I 1<·n

\lit,

<) rt

I ,:ull I,
w 1L:: ,

l.o

1.11

· 11d o f’ Lh

one Lime _yDu ‘1 ·t :

w !1t! 11

utLc r , and U1at wus th

J. r ealJ.v 1,1md1e

p11t.l.i11/’: cu. e

,q ·

off it har ,

.wo d ~,:r ~e

·:p!‘.LC<•erl:l. 1’1, . ” r’ ‘IJ(I

I, tC •••••••

wl1L:t 1,

.vrn 1 1”1u w ,

1vlt1’J1 .vo1 1’ r’C’

l,lw 11”::c , 1u1cl .v n1 1 l\i<‘k ,t,, wn <111 il,

::;i l.l i 111~

ut..

,)n

the en

!‘.e Li.. 14

::1,u.c •r:ral’L … … … .

l ucer , uh , ’ Caus

t.ran::; ation of bigge r p’:.rcentage t.ha.n mine wa s … …

y ou ’ r

only t rans J atine; y our … .

… … ne ed :;ome pictur es , si r . llc , wh 1L ?

… Di

you ju · t. fix yu11r::;,JJ’ in one po::jtinr1 … .. ?

I 1~::c:<1 p r o-pu r Liona.lly 01 · Lhc..: l’1Jel l.!1ul, J use ,1 , Jlr’Obabl.v , three quar L<; r ~_; or i.L

Lra.n:d.1.Li.ne in 1LLJOut a L’or!.h

yu.w maneuver:; t.lia L we r e mu.de

1:tnd l

or ii, ju st

in the pitch an d

d i_1in ’ t try Lo tak e out r oll …

I cli.d.n ’ t really (put in ) very mt1c:l1 roll ; one t ime I c a lle d — I

c· lle

out roll on my tape a cou.pl<.: ol’ Li.me s

but pi tc 1 • . • • •

Cu ld you … <lid yo11 lm e s t,a.nt. i..ho11gh L11at wh an he di

these pitch

warai ’ i., t r ying f, o Lrans l ate , he wa:3 actua lly

and ya w ma ne v r:; h

monr_;Lrfl.Ling Ltiat Lh.i:: r;ould be done? Y<.::ut1 , al) 1 did wu: piL<;l1 d1i

l i!.t.:l e Iii.I.

r) c

y aw :1 1. · ttle hit , y aw ,

n JiLI.JP 01 · Lh i :: Ly-p<.: of m:rnc1ivc r·:: wil.h i t. , :ind to see i l I could

: :1.01)

iL and

p1J1 . i11 jn :;…i

.!1al. -1 did11 1 I. p11L a.JI

I.he mo ion s i.n too .

:;., iL w1J.::;n ’ 1. l.r·1it.v , -1 :;<…::’ wl11.1.I. Sim ’ :; dr:-iving a1… tha 1-1:1.nl, 1.0 :;n,v Lla.1.I. Lu Lr un:.: Lu. .c f’ roni po i.111. A t t i ll i s

i11 Lr 1,.n:;Je1.1.iun

:Lnd

;.1,

quarl.cr in al.l.i[.11rl: .

you don’t

hrce qus.r ers

‘L’l\aL ’ s whu . ym

were

Yc : al1 . ll l’ m,y 1’11c ( i.11:d . I. 1·:u1:: I :ti , i_u1 1 ,,111 I

c·,J.r-r.Y

i 11 I.lie

1,;1nI

I pn1bably u ·c thre

a q1mr I.< ’ r· in :-1.l. Li l.1J1 le ,

lli1 L yP t t

quar ters in

Jon ’ t. need ve r y mu h

4 Ont: 1, • me I 1J,uL pl ~<.:bt;•J c,v(;r bacv.wards and I did use

111 at. I. ·. ,udt: .

1.,ne g n Lo La. e r,riat out , beca se I

j st didn’ t want to use the oxy-

ge n … some of the ( numbers ? members ?) say

One more qu ·ck ques ion :

t..lJaL you were movin , the :;tr u Lure about in a one - side configuration •••••• LL ’ ::; _prett y big , but it. ve .Y well ht.1.~, Lo be wl thin y our work area-.:rou know,

• r1 your :,;ui t, you ’ r e ra ther restric t,ed on whe r e y ou reach

you don ’ t

r ,, ci.Cb IJIH.lcrnet:t.Lh and behind _you especially, but out

·r e. guy would ’ v~ iluudt:n me ~~om - thi ng

rronL-

hat ’ s

i g , I coul ’ ve

ll t.ld ii., .

‘1’<..m

Lwenty ft:: e t, …

’!‘en , right , Len … ‘l’en by Len sec j ons •• ••• •• Wai t, n ow wait a minute, we ’ r e talking about Gma.ller

tings right

no w- . •r n

y ten what?

… Mov·ng where ? lJo whuL with iL ?

1 cuu l cln ’ L inove i 1., 1.n

-j nch ,

how w,>uld J move i.1.’?

J ’ de

l,e aus ! l won dn ’ L have anything to ••• Lhe 01.l1cr way ii’ 1 mov ed ·· t

Ls way •

… … … … … … . I’ropu I :; .Lon .. .•• (:q,ia.J ’?

,~•> ,

I dor ’ t. 1,tiinl,

w i Ll1

i I, …

v,:u.!1 .

<111•

t.hing

Y←>U 1~uL a

8C•~

.!1i:;

i:, 11:; ,

,,,11:1.I. ,Y<lll 1 r· c

,Y lH J 1~ot..1),

ii,’::; 1i1ll. wl\aL

i11L,·n!::.;Le.t

w,· w re ien.-ns ra ‘ng

ill .

l,c , ·1H ·,•1’1tl o r. • •

· ‘nLer ul’ gruvit.V L11:.1.t

its

hing y ou ‘r

talking ab out ,

j•,,: 11,

.r<:;a ly v ry ,1<”· I. I gr~ L pr ‘I, Ly cl.ose .

1 knew wh er

mine was .

These t hing~ , these things ar e weightless up there but they’re not ha:;kets thaL fly away , one

y ou get tlle ·e th ings goin , y ou gott a

i. l’ you :; L:irLed pu:;r i. 11~ , if you had a • •• some me· ns

:; .op Lhem 1.wain

,1t’ p r OJJOI’Ul>n , you ’ ve f~oL :;omcLhirw I ilH: the :;i.des of Lhis

KO ·ne,, 1.1.n

il’ ’ L l, i L Lhn.t. wall

O Wll

able

i L ’ c..l. go r ight through

Lh1! r <; ,

i L.

‘l ‘h.i s i~ tl’lc gen ra I flU ::; I.ion .I ’ m 1(;1J.n i ng ing to get i L . .. wiLh the

1~ i t , wel , I ’ m try-

t :

i~tjncLion -t,110.t yo u can u se i t ••••• aut o-

matic tape cl.a.bi.liz.a tion ..••.•• You ’ d have t.hc :.;rune pro l

m wi h automatic s tabilization t hat y ou

would … . . “ure . But wi.Ll:1 aut.owa U c stauilization you mlght , i t would set down in I’ i.ne ( re i; • s Lune: ’ Lo ) t he mo Lion wher w iLh n

g1U1

prolHl.bJy ,

_y o11,

wo11L ll yo11

wj th

tlYi :: thing you would.n’ t •••

kn<M , ho w Lo find , you ’ ve

gotta

[’ i llli … . . , .

Y1>11

111(•11.11 ,

.Y"" !1av,: l.q l ‘i 111L

y()u ’ v,· held un Lt

y,HH”

11.ut.0mal. i e

a I, n hy Len box ,

stalii lization

s soon as

i L wo 1

s L· bilize you and i t

i. t wOL ld s tar

t.00 ·1

W•lJ ,

i 1’

y,111

<:ou.l cl :.; t • .I I hol cJ on

for Li1 ,

r· .

t:l.:.1.Ji.]i’I.

Ul1

a1J wil.ltin limil.:; ul ’ Li:; conLroJ • • • • ••

Y,:tt.ll , ::,•(.; ,

[ Ll1i111<. j I’

,Y )II

f’ ring

,VOii

l11.1.d

would !‘i nd

:: _y:.:;L<‘lll

l,11:1.L

, )11l.

Ll1;d . iL wasn ’ L

u]d :;l. t· av

esig.ed to do that .

,o y,) L •••

Y(Ht hwl

1..1.

::ys1,1~u,

1.111,.t

Wu. :; :;L rappc~

you ttai..

11:.1.d automat ic ··i.,.abil.izat •on and t r anslation of a pe r son , well ,

than you ’ v e got the whole of a box or something that you were holding whe n you we r e down in one c orner of it .

I ’ m s u r e that y ou woul d ’ nt

buve engouth stabili:L.atlon con..rol author i ty

o handle the t r ansla tion

,1(’

·oml:thi n~~ like that , be<:au1c;e yo u ’ re putting your engi ne …

Well

it d epe nds on his mu:; s .

Ag aLn you said it ’ s mas .

If it

were magnes.i.um bonds or ~ometbing , then … .

I think we ’ re asking … . Y(::ah , well

.r know what

we ’ re tu k.in g il;o ut — we ’ re talking about

l,u ild Lng a i;pa e s ..a.t on . h .. ..h i<.: isn ’ t

I ’ m as rinx.Lous to do th a t us Lhe next guy ,

qui Le wha.. we looked into .

H.p-pr e c iaLc y ou r quest i on ;

we ce r t ainly have Lo fact up to lL. … . On- sta.bilizat · on , uh , su pose you were t rying to take of

( both pic

..ur es ) on Gemini , compared to Me r cury …• Wou1 · i t take you what? “uppo c, e you Lry to Lake one photo -pic..ure of t he star , say thr ee stars , uh , w at do you th i.nk y our s nsi.t i vity i n terms of an,,;ular accur acy

wou d be for

··a.v , L n s •c0nds or I.hr ~e secondr; focus,

ngular - wise

l,uL (wh o ) Luo k pic;l,tir - :~ n 1.’ t.h _ ho j:;,on n.nd … . .. change s ··our degrees 1,t: r

:;(acond .

Ol1 , c ,1er. 1.l1n.L … W, ·11 ,

l.u

UH~

iL ’ :: 1i vr; r-y ::pc(: i:d qu c:::t. i u 1 vn p:c nerul i:c.ntion , you know,

_y ou ’ r· , muv i rt/.~ ar·o und , l1u-w

U111

d ,Y• ~ll 1,a I I lh)n’?

vc l1i<‘J · ,

Ycu.h , yo 11’ d

liu.ve

c· 1J.1\

y ou ,

c:u.i 1

you C-ut!rl..erac

1·or 1n::Lanc’ , Ll1e Ccrn.i.ni ca11:;ule

Lo , i 1· y ,H 1 W’a nt

..1)

t:onrpa1·e i

the motion

… to t ake stabilizer •••

with Mercuey s 1.bilizer,

Belt 14

you have to Go back and get moment of impulse of the control system, then apply it to the moment of inertia of the spacecraft, and then do the same with the Gemini … No , in this case he ’ d be moving a camer a . Pardon? Move Lhe camera to control the angle . Do you jnst hold it? You hold it, yeah .

We could take them as well as you could in Mer

cury, 1:i.ccording to how stable Lhey tie it . lt/ s quite pos:.;ible that you couJ.d stabili ze the spacecraft better

than you could stabilize Lhe … . . Yeah , can you get that in the spacecraft … . Thank you . Uh- huh .

I would (use ) the spacecraft to stabilize it … to hold it out the window, kinda hold i t out the wondow, you have to, you don ’ t have lo move the stabilizer . The spacecraft is moving, that means that you ‘ve gotta , you have to move your hand al the , an opposite rate, or the opposite direction, L.lie

w.1.nl

:rn.me t·at.e thal the ::.;pucecrafl 1::.; moving , I don ’ t think that you· t.,,i do Lfltd, ,

l>CCt.t.USC

yrnl ’ ve 1;;0L U stab i liY.er thing in your

111-.1.nd lioldl n1.( it,, what, you \vould p rubauly do is brace your hand up f.t.ga:i.n:; L U1e s.i.de of the ::.;pE1.c:ecraft lin<i take the p i ctur e , then you’ re going to get … … .

Yeah, you sec we’ve got a site on the spacecraft ( bl astoff ) that has a rud.ical Uw.t you ’ :re go.i.nµ; to light i ‘or night so with the minimum im._p11J:;e Lim!.

we have in Lhe spacec:rart , we could fix it on a star ,

Belt 14 and g ~L a i’ ixcd u.tLHude sLabili zecJ i n Lh is mo.nner .

It would p r o

bably be r athe r … .. (uns table? ) ome of our section

• have the fe eling it would be very stable . :;iting

ov er the re

:3 l ting ,

where I wus ke eri • ng u. ce rtain fi xed t wo star s on a

l1J(:a Li.o 111;

par t icularly whe n we were wor k ing on the Apoll o

on m.v w!rulnw

tHcJ11 ’ t, t11.1vc; Lhe

c11<.1 i

:J.nd .Ji m ;J u 0t. clo.i.np; i

“v<·i · t h<‘t’

ertai n

with pul es •••••

·:.il orI • •••

Ile h u<l the ra i ca) o n .

y e ah .

. … .. … . . You we re well wi th in :i degree t aking a fe w minutes of oxyg en . Yo

You can hold it wl thln u d - g ree or a quarter of a degree .

can g e t the e xact answer to th.i.s if you just analytically ••••

Do you have the data? N0 , I can ’ t, qt1ot

IL ’ s not i n the orde r of h un -

.i. L to y ou of’f - han

c.:0m.J.. My

0vc

we wou.J.

a.Ll

j mpr ,s ::;iun wn.:;

t.ha.L w

W(; l.’ <..:

mor e :_; t.,.1.lJle thaL I thought

b • when we: warJt cd to stab.i I .i. zc .

. _ . . Wt: ’ ve luoked

flt

our agenda here,

u.nd it I s got some ge neral quest ions

i.n the end , ~et, l:l. good si..u.b”ili:.::ation ::;tudy go i.ne; •••• ‘l’hu.t ’ :; i’in e

1-1ere Lher

I ’ ve r~o L a question . .:, ,c; “if

wt ~

,.my more qu estions on the terrain photography? Can u fr.:llow, y u \mow

~ot any Lc rr .l.i.ri 0 11

/\JL<

1lfl.L• i ·rn)un ,

he movies a n

Llt·re ’{

rnaLLc·r· 01 · f:.t.l · L, T c oL til e

a .; y •;; l.<~ r ua.v

look a:L

i.mpres s io ti

Llw.l. Ll 1t •re ’ ;, qui ·e

n.l :.:n snm • u I’ I.lit• )‘J - 111 i) J i lllL L<.: I’.’ I’ i Im::; .

J’rom w,1::t.· y ou

a hj L of t

r a in .

howe

J:<: It J.4

ol’ tlic j’.)- nti JlimeLc r’? Uh , yeah ,

I think, blocked , becaus e we have to be over the

ost of them are

water, but, if I ’ m not m· staken , on the lit tle bit

I just caught a

J o ok, i,here migt1 t, be some land bnnd ~ .

Oh , y e:; ,

you r; t Lhree or four

muL Le c of tad,

,J.

uh , t hey ’ re

Loward l,he end of that box of 55 - mill · mete r s.l i.de s .

:; Lr

c1.11r<c:s

probu’uly, tt1ey w !:tCn ’ t L:.Lk.1..m outs ide

/\i:;iu :.:omewhe r

buL they were reaJ.ly n .i<.:e .

l,c blown up

cJ.lso the mov le s .

a lot of movies of the clouds .

r di

Ii, s hows spe c ular

they we re over

Those definitely should

just, a couple of t imes , just turn the thing on .

e;o · ng to tak

movies a r o n

1-run ed - to get, a

We were n ’ t

us of Lhings that we re st ill , and

ig s Lrue; Lure of’ L 1e . • • • • • area

so I took some over

Ll1e }!ac lfir. , on i,hc - up over the northern Pacific between Hawaii m

the UniL d ”L:.te..: , abou L 5 , ‘4, o

‘.> minute8 .

We took a lot of ocelill movie · .••• Was there ever any qt.1e ::;Lion in your mind as to wh ether or not you

we r e look ing nt elouds , did you always ge t ••••• I )ityl :i (J;tl L.

IJn_vl i gtiL o.ntl rdgltLLi..mc . tl:iy.l i.gl1L ,

I.here .is 11ev ·r :w,y dotd.> L .

/\L ni1~l1L l,imc; il. i :J .k ’ rnl 1,1.” l1ani t.,l ~~;,:’ the t~~r,iund . u 11,

q1w:.;l. i.,,J1 r .r u1,1 t.lw pi <:L1 1n•:;, .i.t. djd noL U.FJlcH •

!111L w<· r c _yu11 uik Lo t,e con:.:l· i.ou:: _you.i:· , e~c r t.:;

> I”

ti11zc or

even ovcr pol..l u ,iort arco.s

W< •re you. con:;civus

o be! Loo g r ound

u$t l aye

or 1,; j

, say over

ie s and so f o rth .

01 · r: •c inp; Ll1e i1 1du:;tr-i.al pullution

or the dust?

Belt 14 Ove r

or t h Arica a couple of times we comme nted on dust storms,

although they weren ’ t r eally dust storms ? We weren ‘t s re that was a dust storm, right .

Remember I sai d that

is a … , and then we said well maybe not . It wasn ’ t

<lust storm us you woul<l see it from an air pl ane whe re you

·cc the

wind

I.Je

et: i.

J.ow· ng on or prior to the <leseri. . i. t,

wasn ’ t

.u s t storm, j u:,;i a dusty haze .

Ovt.:r N r th /\1’ri a . Ovt;; .t Nnr h Af”ri cu . lin..:;e

Indi u. Lt1<::re wu::; quite a pronounced

Over no1·th

r edor ed .

l wo ld wa y y ou we r e , far le s s con:;c j_uu::; of i t..

In fa ct , a r ather

interesting thing , it ’ s - on one of our fi rs t pus ses over the Cape I was looking on talking to the Cape at that time , I told t 1em

I could look own and see the Cape, launch pads quite clear . till.

But in fact

the weathe r

and everyth ing was

own th re was not clear at

Some of the i ‘ell ows wer e leav.ing at t hat..

Lime

lk>uston , k ml t,he vi.::;l bility was ver,y, very lo1v . p r• s0rn, ;Lhin1-:

1t11d

j _l.

wu.; aLJ qu · t;

w:t :.;

<•La Li

cliur ge on

,,n t11

f!.:l.(i you -

ort of a

chanc:

Lhe hangove r at all .

jll

you

W, • -

1 d.irl.n ’ L u i I.her .

weather on the

ot.rnerva.tion if you made

•tJ •

had

11<, •• .

We wa ..

:1.

lot

the r e

get any stati~ that you might

N , J rlon ’ t Lhink I did . N(l

tho:

when he saw ligh ~~ening di~~

!,ave co rre lu.L ,a wiLh b .i ng near di:;Lurbc ‘l’fli. s i:..;

see

Gor 011 C oper m,te

hj:~ :radio l.he s11me Ljrnc

g r ound .

You c ould se e a mile

•••• •

W,· c;u11.l< l :;L, ::Lr-ai.gl1L d< wn l1til. we r-,1 1iJdn ’ t J\1101.h ·r- qut:::l,iu 1, di.d y 1lu eve r

to g o back to

i1 1 i.ghten-· ng .

it .

gr ound .

,,l .,

. J!cll. l ’

No , I wou.LrJ.ri ’ t

th1:;. t I d u

:.:,1~y

• I ~uc s s y ou would call i t but y ou c ouldn ’ t … it did n “t . t a ny r ate . Did y ou notice t h e ‘rhe r

. . with t he fla sh i f 1 •p_; htni ng … .

wuc nn a wf1Jl lot of light ninc;

f;urc w.1s , . ,outh fl!n ri r~ •‘l.ncl . /.ny more covcrag . on t l 1c wa.t(:

p 1oto1—~r·u.phy ‘l

on atmosp }1crlc- ph ,nomenu … Did you

Y<’;;

t h m i.n” t rwneni..r.1.lly’

l,a ve Lj me to study

into vj ew until they pass out of v:i c w·t

eel us t hou gh you would

I mean f rom the t i me that they come Did y ou g o t hrough the e xercise

with the i nstrument - l et ’ s say a hand- held spec trome ter or … . Di

I phra se the question’!

I think so .

… . . but I ’ m not s ure of t he

d ration thc:1.t your s tudic” r-equi r e .

Tho.t ’ s m._y probl m - I wu !:bat

y ou hncl nome t;l1j ne; ln

t r ying to p;ct some re 1 as to the d uration ‘i{-~h t .

. wl1l: n ~ y ou ’ d f ly a l ong in r egard l.<, wlluL th

Ll1t t ·

wa:-: :tncl you ’ d

:;1t y

0 . K. , :LI.

‘..>

minute s a ter e leven

I ’ 111 F~orna cl, i 11 i.;p ct romc tc.r- r; tud,y 1Ln<t Lhen y ou ’ d set the thing Ht’..; minut •i; ur1;,r· 1 1

.vou w uJtl … l,:1.rt jt o r

W< >u.lcJ :;:1.y

i t s omc thi11” where you

. that ’ s been rep o t ed to

·1,,, ;~> rnil., 11or·i..l 1 or· Trj _ p :iol i l./1 in{-‘.:: ur· • .

p and

I ’ m 1~oinr; to st-.tuty … . which o f t hese

Be:lt 1 5

I ri lookln(.~ :·(, r ,,1 ,,J(• 1· UJ

Lh<; v. r oimrl 1,.nd t hinr.i;,; like 1,h1;1.t you ju ct don ’ t

(Jrj

l’jnd Lh ·rn ‘..,,00 rn .l.lcr: iri fronL o

yo u .

1/ow a out comething in the sense or a targe t, of opp o rtunity ‘?

You see i t

with out ad v n ea warni ng . I woul

think y Oli ’ cl hav • or, Lhc ordc.:r o

,. tudy i t i C you have y ou

a minute or 80 seconds maybe to

( cq11ip mcnt ) al: eady mi ea ged. i f you want ed to

I ook at i t y ou ’ v’ got to a im the SJ)/l(‘r:r: r af’t A ·min£~ the :;pnc c.r.:Lf’t j

~!t-.

y ou can truck ,·tght on

as i t,

s ay .

s not ,lj l’I :ic ult .

If’ you’ve got a field to do

point..

a t h unclcrs torrn,

your lef t, you could mn.neuvcr th

II’ y ou

~Hy

say, off to

cp acec raft u r ound t here and just ke ep

pointing at i t as i t we n t by. About h ow many mi.lcs would 60 secons - 8 0 s ec onds We] 1 of cou sc 2~ 0 down .

•

••

II-.J ’ o cl own -

‘l’hat ’ … about 80 ::;cc·onds . ‘r h:it ’ s 80 secont1""

rou• hly .

‘J. hfJ. t ’ .

the (norm1tl) 11J l;.it1 1t (’

·1 ’ vc

right .

f~oL

n w-l1ult · :; c•t ol’ claLa ii’ _yu 11 w:t1 1l. i t l’or va ious a l t i tudes on just

Yo 1 ’ v • r;rovjtJ.cd t ·rniug h/Incl J thin}. ,vo-u t·a11 prol,n.li)_y :· c: , :i t. 1· nm1 the ;;01… down b l ow the horiz o n

T Lrij nk y o 1, <·an 1’. t a n •;i.J. i’.u~xl I’ ·< ·J •i 111’. l ‘or :i L l :; 1>mc

ol’ t lc• Lruc·klng

yot I

take a look at

:i.lin on whlch we _ ooked l’or an object on the g round ,

Belt 15 f’ound the ub j ec·1., 1.1.nd th en tr:—i.eked it all the way . g

t that film 1’J.ml put the pi e ces i

And as soon a s they

to make it - it’s a sequence came ra

it ’ s not a real movie ca mera - as soon as they put the pieces in and in sert the extra frames so i t is in :-uh a movie came r a ,i

real i

q 11 i r um~nt

• 11. of .xu.ctly how lone; y o1; y ou lt:1,vc·

‘LS

n.r:

r-1,.1·

•·•tn L1·]l c·x:11.c·L.I .Y wl 1c trH’r y o u ‘l.‘l 1r•ri yo1

<·Hr1 1J.]:io

110 :i nr-’. <‘1rn

·nn see .

I think you ca n get

So if you know how much re -

,1 /(lltr inst umc’ n ation ts concerned, you

c11 ·

wl11J.L kind 0 1· meo.01tr-cm nt:::i

l t oui,,

l;l1c o n •‘l;jc·n.ll..Y l.‘i/,; 1ir·e

‘l1}1

big problem t::; to id .n·t;i f·,y thC’ ol>jc r· t

::;p

c: fi

you c:nn make .

Loo . . If you ’ t’e looking for a

object, a. <:erLn.in t hund.e r:;torm or the northeast corner of the

Red Sea or something , that means that you don ’ t - you’re not going to be a ble to pi ek it up ci.nd aim the s pc1.c:e<:raft at i t 30 You.

g oinc to ha ve to wa i t awhile . out ’ til lat •r

IJj,ckc

. o urse

l1clo1,r you 1.11:it J1’.;

i L ‘ll

below the h orizon.

You ’ r e p obably not g o ing to get it

so that your tirn

you k now th

on tl1e target is s oing to be le ss .

angc is cltan1~ing very rapidly.

-::.ay it ’ <> rt f-: ht

·low your tra .k .

When y o ,,

~·

.i I. , ,. 1-’.<J i n1’. t;n lir. r J1 11-~ f] y ;,oo mile s r,.wn..,y nnd L ~’()()

,n:! .I( •: ; ,’ l. v/1L,V •

irrt see

t of

you paes over

:;o tliul:, LI”’ r,uige :i :; <:s se n t :i :..lly doubllng .

.v11u 1 n·

:irit,·n:~;b·d

r;mgt ·

I don ’ t 1rnow exucL_y lt w y o1i ’ d d.o that .

i 11

‘I’hat thing i

··01 m- tll!n1.’. that. n·qLtire::; 1.m _ythinG like a

onstant

T’lis i s a problem that you

J>r .

J,r·t rn • t y to 1·c.•-phras

tl1;,,l; qnc st:Lun .

. . althOU{‘.l l I think it wa s . yo

we c tracking

T LI i11k. my 11.nr; wl ·1 · Lo .iL wu:; ;1 y ‘s , lluL le t me t·ep hrase the que stion a out

Llie se tar gc L:;

Let ’ ~- take t he airg low fo r

opportur1 i ty.

1)1’

moment here .

There ’ s the night air glow, t he twilight glow and the day glow. the r e a r e no … … of day glow.

Now

That would t ake (pe rhaps a) second

exposure , a nd you know where to look the nex t time around , and ( you can do Lr,at forever . ) ’.!.’Ile Lw-Lli gllt td r1-~~low m.i.f~~I i t t n.kc 10 seconds to 1-~c t

/\n<l Li c rd e:h t, id r·r(Low y ou w-01.LL(l w11,n “L rnaybe l1 minutes .

:il,out i f tliat w-·r:c prop:r1.!Jl1Jn ·<l in w-i ti, prope Ii •ld.

r on tl e capsul e .

~r the 1.lay p;lm-1 , a J 0- s econd expo sur • o

c :x.’})O”ttre :L

:,pc t ographs’?

reel about i t ’

Ilow (io y ou

4-m-i.nut

exposure o

Either hand.

Ta ki ng a one-second

the t wil ieht gl ow, and

mov ing a.ll the time , but

You ’ r

i,h ’ n •g l t e;low.

Now ho./ do you feel

the p l,- nomena ..u ·c .P ctt.Y mur:h the ~;n.mc duri ng that p eriod . One f,e ond ‘r; no problem f o r ut; .

l•‘ou r· mjnuter; , you m:i. f~ht hav e to be a littl8

l>lurry.

I t hi..nk y ou c:oultl probu.hly , ·i f’ yo u tr·ied e n ou13l1

y ou could p robably get a

1 0- s e ,;ond . }‘our minul, s-

Wcll o[’ c ou -~;c

amount of 1110l~ion ’( uu ’ (l p; . t

r,p r· tnc.rapl 1 1·a11

tti c:

t he t i me to p ermit a fair

L o.

~.umc LI I i n1-: Ofl Ll le-

1.111: :: p (.‘cl;o1,‘.1 ·a

l 1 ,·u1Lld :;L•1.y- i. 11 01 ·bi L,

::< , ::l u,r·Ll y 1d ’ L1·1 · 1.111.ct, :; L: di i I j ·1.1l 1..i rn w-:c:,

l.l 1c <’ >CJ)Cr i 1111·11I,

prnllJ. · in ,

too .

Llit) pc1·:; n11 would have t o gu ba k in. \v:is t ,·icll in u

W” i Ll1 tim i n1~ a · ter

,,xpo:; H c one tl:i.<l 1-:c t tlie ··:rx:1 ·Lo,•_: :1.pl1 b co.us 1n i, i1.i. s

(lj r·c d~iori

I w-u 11.l tll1 ’ L Lh h1k

oc ket and the ro ket our minutes , the

the thing was able t o poi nt

vcn tr1m11-~~.h iL di <l 1-nl)ble u. littl~~ bit . y oi1 1 <i

W”:t11L

l.()

l1anil - ll)J 1l

n. ‘1- 111:i.nute one , I’ l l

t ell you

Belt 15 t.J1atNo , no .

You ’ d h ave to be spacecraft-modern.

You could get the rates down low

nd you could-

0 . K. You <·u llld c rta:i nJy holcl it wHh in a lib.lf a tlcgree .

:But

You ’ d h~~v · t10.lf- clc1;;rcc: ton~~s w’L t.;r1j n L11c s pa, ·r ,·ro:ft •

now your half-degree-

( I think that

w )1u<l do J L) . •ell t ’ ~, all r.igl,t .

You can build :i 11

<:c:r.ta i n a.mount

smear ( so you can

,~ t. u. very good c’lny) .

Le t. m

Wnit :1 sec on

you an Lf 1 ·r thi n/~ -

ftsk

you ’ r, . lookine; 1::1.t now.

What is the ai r g low that

llow 1,dll you l o ok o.t tlii s’t

Whe e !:I.bo uts is it

(;\Oine; to be’?

Well, i t will

c at the hori:.wn, or u. tl egre e or. two above it .

I know, b ut you sec , y ou ‘r rlonw - b y very r,:i.st .

looking

rhc airglow is essentially -

(l:i ff cr-cnt 1)·

·c of the 1.tire:low -

:t 1·c

l:.t

yuu

Hi-il’I/-.’,;

1· y(.iu

;~\l l1 11’. L;o Lr ·y rtn I :Look

r,I ’ 1,. -11·1;,;low 1J.nd ‘l ’ l11 lL ’ ::

.‘1

l.r-11., · I•

1Lnrl.

01 !l:

L11

horjz on at a certain spot .

try to pick up a pie e

• •••

W\ ltLld

: i:1.y

one would 1ie v ry

a’t.isfied to

Ha Ha Ha .

also t.:ry tl1<~ o tl 1cr exp r·imcnt .

I clidn ’ t Jt’l( ‘lln t:.l1;tt I <1:i rln ’ L tl, · nk or your expc iment, Dr . I

djdn ’ t

i’:1.1 ·L uJ’ I’”

tnt : ; 1n

tl1 (•

Now

•·c c a c·OJ1t:.inualJ.y c·hanginu; airg low or a re you

u.i; n •i p;ht :i11 viewpoinL and

V<·r ·y l:-’.o nd q1wcU011 .

01 10 0llou..l I

110 1~

if you’ re looking a t a

J1okl,cltind y ou :u,<..l Jook a t continually cha nging airglow

i n 1r 01 it·.

(,1 · ]\l<>k

t - the hori zon beh ind you i s gone

Lo <·omplu :in .

1’.11.r11• · ·

I”

trying tu Ln1c:k 1:1. ,; •rtai n spot in the airglow because

, •:csj_ l_y done tha.r

that mea ns that if your flight pat

i s thi s way, y ou ’ ve g ot to aim the

spacec raft over he re and t hen you ’ ve got to trac k it a long like this . I t would seem to me that it ’ a easier to just put i t s ome plac e and h old it thee .

MM-hmm. And cspeci n.lly f rom t be :pi l ot ’ s s tandpoi nt when you ’ ve got a guns ite or r·omething like it .

mn i nto:Ln that apace cra ft es s entially wi ngs

.leve l with … and ii’ th

pitc:b Hti.,itude ’ s paper, you don ‘t have to

wnrry u O\Jt t he t;rnnslntj_on FLc · rosG the …

‘l’li.i. c j ., a q_u.csl.jon on hoth ‘.> ,rnrl 6.

Tn terms o f” p re- warned subjects , like thiu ~ort of th ‘ng .

pr ·e -wurn cl au.b Jc<:1.,r; .

‘l’o your e ye

liow 1:ar 1,clow the !10 i zon could you

.eel you could pic..:k up say 11 we a tli . r phenomenon . Lh rough the atmosphere at somcthi gin the 1

:ould see c.ay 10

there .

be l ow tb

/\ lot of

horiz on ‘!

Now you ’ re not l ooking

tmosp here .

Do y ou fe el you

Can y ou (:ome up with some e s timate

I f you ’ r e pointed head csscn t ·in.lly try the plane towards it so

i t ’ s ln y 01Jr winc low. WouJtln ’ t

ttri:_; dt ·pc r1d. 11pon wl1nt; t ←· J..l lic’ril)IDen n wu.s-

•·uvv r·<· cl

’ ,00

111i

! COO m il :’:

L r; I>r1 1;1,..

Tl’ .it. we’re· :ro1i ’ r ’

.li11< ·

:;i( <’

llfl

t;Jw ::i dv

lii., •~; make i t more

I ’ d ll0 ab!,· I. , ., c tl1:.tL at 10(_ below the horizon .

or Lll1wd1·r ·:;L 1·in: ; , .I t. lllnk p r· llably 20 or 30° .

lolil<.int: 1’01 · ~~om<· 01 · the trdnr~~:; Lh::tt we Wl c looking for at 30°

Uclt 15 l 1c.low (Jw l1(11·i·:,(Jr1,

.1< :r·L r: .

W’J1, , n

I l,f1rn111,ld, 1.h,,.I. 1,,,,_:: ‘L p;ool p.1:,.r·i: Ln J1;ok f’e>r :an1dl ob-

w, · :llL.‘J :‘.Hwd.1 CJl,,)cr · Lo>

Lures near them; mayb

h1.rge identifying fea,…

tt1c:y hav e: Lu ttav

if we ’ re going to start l ooking f or something like

the … … … … ( could be a c loud ) -th

Hcd fie ,

. 30° Jclow the ho iz on> I think you could proba.bly

r3Lart; piclclne; j t

1.tp .

‘fld.s is below tl1e: a pparent h o r i zon .

This is below

Lhc lor:al l1orizontul. H•ig} L.

l\r:, to w-11t .r and land yrni cny abouL the same ,

01·

A little furth

r up .

ii,

mn_y lie ?O t o ‘50° .

or . l ouds , perhap s

mayl>c furU-, r up ·t

Furth r up . To tell the di -rrercnce b. tw ol’r tk1t y u can ’ t a st rm

te l l

n a “‘torm a nd jw:: t a s heaf that ’ s so far i ’ s just, u ::,heaf or c.: louds or is it

nthcrin , .

You r·P.c ac you f~ t farth r out th

re . o0 bel w t he ho izon

l.ooki r11-’. J: i kc• tl1n.l, y ou ti.on ’ L know Ll1c d.i r-rcrc111 ·<’ (•o ver:: 100 ’ :: 01 · mjlc” , co if.’ you ,-~r·L rl1;ht

:: :id<’ cinJ y (’ )VC r:i 1.t c·oupl .on

onestly

_y ou’1 ·( •

rrd .I.es .

wi1

. . when you ’ re

One degree cithe

s1de

below you one degree either

: : . •i. f’ you r,ct too l’ los

to t e hori-

•nJJ.y not; c· n tninr~ itny p i nt o tL t here . -

‘L’loe puLnt !:; ,

:i r I r;ci.. 11v l’or say

I.hat 1x: a

p la< :c: to /.;j V

/‘.OOCl

J think 20() wo11. Lu lle

( (•;t::;i(.;) ”,

J l;hink ‘;20() w u.l<l Ii

ea~:ict ·.

5ct 01: 2 0

r.t man 11

y s. )

hclow the’ horizon, would

lue on to set up ·?

’(,11;

:pirJL

·1 u1 ’ L dilT<:rr:11L.ird, ;

iri wh1,.t :1rnt ’ re l1 )u v.·i.nf.J; aL.

Wcl.l you c., -(; we ’ r~ plH.yJ ng 1:1. csamc he re be tween giving you enough time to cet on it so you ’ re on it when you get the r e and at t he same time not so far t hat it ’ s wastine time. Really to me you ’ re not wasting t ime at al l when you tell me whe re to start even

f y ou start me way out .

ro tell you the truth, I wa nt to

start looking as soon as I O. K.

1 ‘1

l,ell you 1111 this though , jf you ’ r - just eoi ng t o give one time-

No .

‘rhat ’ r,

.J11il’l1

no good. .

time woul,

y·ou like , row?

t hem multjple tlmes, you know, start early and

I f you. ’ rc 1.i;oing to give

just ,:ontinu. suy

I was talkin g-

out , but if you. ’ re

cj 1w t

~oi ng to give one time, then I ’ d

30 .

30° . Or 20° maybe , but no closer to th

That ’ s about 45 half the horizontal, or some-

From the earth ’ s horizon .

I t ’ ::; ,{bout’.> … . .

horizon.

•

• ?O .

No . .

N<, 1; .i r·

. …

iL :..;ur< · i ,;n ‘t.

‘(uu ’ v,· 1-’.0L t;u 1•:1’ t

throw ul.l

t i me .

.Y<)lU’

… … .. . M(ln· ,Lboul. a minute and A. half .

nt: 1.11 on

it.

.at··1.v , ,11 ough L.,,

he goe s .

Then

l111ve the same kind not to

w’l:jgl1t, l ’ j ,J,li~ pi(’ k ·i 11g .-u·ound mKL wait for

long

…

‘J … your re ul key , t ho ut~h 1 s t rio it ’ s pretty harr to find i t .

ir t

titr~ you look a t i t

As soon as you’ ve gone b y it once , maybe

mi ssed it once, the n ext time you c ome throu gh , y ou can give it up there at 10° if you wa nt .

You know exactly what y ou ‘re looking f o r and you

know what ’ r: com · ng before and y ou v.o right up to it and get a Cn.u.,,

you’ r-c s Ly1n ~ nbout 30 to do t t1at or lt-’.; d own . r om the horiz on for

t rr-1.i.:J n ancl pcrhr:1.ps a l.i ttl

J.‘u.rU t _ r up f or wc t1. ther … . . 10

further

up i’or· w - 1.1.Lher on a f:I rsl:;- on u. dw.nc:c basis t uri;;et of oppo tunity . I just wanted Lo 1-1.sk you thu t in your - part II of t h is - u nder the great and unde r the terr:Lal - what is t l1e r;;round altitude that you took 4 shots with the pitch down - I don’t know if both of y ou were up or not . You pitched down and y ou fired a thru ster as a preliminary to t he experi ment on t h · red:i ncal lir;ht to see how much t he thruster flame would and c ould int r-fe:rc wi t

t h e t:Lrget .

I was jus t wondering what you actually

obs rved on t h e: /\ny brigh t·,n ss of

t he thruster and. e o -f.”orth and if 1 t c: ou.ld have any

err •r· t on l;h’ l.Ul’.‘f:‘. ·t.

I )nv c n I t f rn,u 1d. l’i photog r a p h Y .t .

W-c.Ll on c Jmc t h:L1lg 11k · , you ’ d b •I, Le l ” n~nlly 1-~c l: ov er there and l ook for t hem be cause th ·y ’ re ,.~o:iN< to tll.rll 011.t bal ck

nd y our polaroid probably

l s n ’ t e:;oinr’. ·to pr-j_nt them.

‘l ‘lJC ,V ’ r-e

i n the ;l;-.1 e k-1w d-w}r i t . niJ .l , arcn ’ t

… . d.u eumc nL ouL

( ) JI

t h e tap e .

LJ1 ·_y?

.Lldt l’.; ’!’ hr..: <l u curn(:11L l,rie

ti.pc .

0 1JL

,,n U,c l:;upt: 11. rad ·1

1,1,Jnlr. th1;i.L’r: :pror,: r,Jy the part wher1c:

I believe lt ’ s in the book t ere , ‘Eirn. Do y ou re(;all how they came out? Oh , no . No . It ’ s in the

Sf.l.lll

snw mn.ybe once or twice .

You could see … … light or .

ball park, but the diagonal light that we

You looked l ike y ou saw it on e , and

You did nee it once . Well , we t~10u.gnt we djd i ‘rorn what w ’ tl been briefed up to … . Did you dra w a pic:tur - of i t yest·r.d,iy’t Yeah .

I could comment .

W talke

and I know Gue arcl John lo

q_ui t

a h .i t about this afte

t h e GT- 3 f light

oth hacl q 1ti t ci a bit t o say abou t i t if you want

he ck t he not•s on i t .

You mean on theOn the bright

Lh r.u sters , yeah .

Wa it a s cond .

I t h ink tr1ey may l 1a.vc been talki ng a lot about the re- entry

r;ontrol syst m. No . No .

No.

Do y ou l<now w:tw.t c·n uscd you to s .e :i L’? ,-raft or wa::; it an uu.ra

Was .it

f f~low s rn whc r

efle ted o f the space-

around

/\ glow rrom bch:lnc.L. You ’ re ju:·L ::; . , •jrp; ·that .. ,· Li on o r· tl,c glow tlio.t comes your way. Nuw -

Lo l.11<:

I:..;

L pr:Lmary or ::ec rnlu r-y ,‘~ll)w.

. j 1’.i1L,

ni · ym1 t;hink

1·<:1’l(~c l;.i on ··

J clo n ’ t; thi nil.. you <·ou.l.(l tc 1.1.

Was

parti 1 s themselves

off t he )articles t hat were round?

I t w-11.~.; ’ ;o dim, you

ouldn ’ t tell .

Belt 16 I

on ’ L trd nk y ou

You d i sc sBe Yes vlff: did I

w o1il rJ

e: 0 1 1

hel p - -

yesterday p ar tic les of space junk? do you hav

any part ic1dar q estion?

like Lo h11.ve the in r·orm.1V on ·1ute r

thougr1 .

We .. wltat w:i., yo11r- quei_;Lion ’? l

was ,ittsi..

c11r •i() 11s

f.tllo11L L11c mn.ounL of’ j

nk you had al,out

he space

,·rai’L .

Ji’r-om t.l H:: spucccruf:t? Wcl.J., 1·r om Lhe:: .;pa.cecraJ’L uud also I.he amount :Ln the spacecraft? J•‘rom Lh e spac en.a.ft:. .

I am rtL) t tal king about any .strange par Licles t hat appeared … /\nd 11.J :,o , when you w r • cmtsj clc Lhr~ Sp:J.c:ecra fl., whether you coul J, ,;c:p :.1.ny ec~umc;tr-y ol’

F;.11_y

,j unk off

l.1 1,~

sp:;1.cecra ·t.?

Par ticu)ar

the

:,;pactTc1:J.ft ,,nc; l c uf vj ·w . I didu ’ L Y <>1 1

diiln ’ L :pc

;.i.11.y

pu.1·1.i,·Ic,s -

.-;1•c

any -

::, ,.l.r· l Ii l. c!,; , >r· p1,r·l.i,:lc•:; l ’ lullLir11-~ 1u ·., 11i1d . I

::,,i,w

w1~:~

1.11 • 11: lnv e 1-’.lo:i L ol’J’ .

a ,1c f’ i rij I.<: .

1111 1. ii. w,•.:~ 110 1. .smitlJ Tl 1( : n : w,:rC’ a I I

psr- 1. i cl(; :.; t’l o1Li .i1tG off ‘l. 11c :.,pac ec,a t?

k i rid:, .

J11 il , .Y <> 11 li ~~LV<~~ 11,) /’.!~O111cLr i ca.l

I.! It.;

:.; p: I.C C (;

pi. c.: t1u· ,

ol’ LJ1ese w! 1e n yo

were out side

r:.1. 1’ 1, . Wl1en II

1 ••

·, · : 1 I Iv

_yt, 1t d.1trr1p

the urine, you

lic •:1111. i 1·u 1 .

:,; n0w fl akes

2 ul 1 ~,vc.:r .

;,i_i 11 i.om: 01’ U em .

whicr. way t.iey are going but

And Lt, doesn ’ t make any difference ou can see them come off by the wi ndow

and they look like they are go ing off spheri cally , fr om what you can see . n·

ow maybe they a e n ot goin g out the back, but you see them al any othe r t ime?

:.:een L!tem , ice e:ryst,als

I doubt that .

Glenn mentioned that h e had

,h .Y wercn ’ L a s so ci ated with such si tua-

1.·onc r:1.c t1i.3 Y01

see a r·ryst..:d or Lwo go tJy _vcr-.y once in a wh’le .

You k11ow,

Lb i.JJk Lll:..1.L Lhe.se u :r c a:.::.:oe:iated wi t,ti systems in t he

sp1:1.c <·raft . ‘l’llc

xltuus

Yes , we ’ v

got, ,•~ water <.;ooler 1..1.nd I.lie wa te r

:Jc parator

and the suit

v1i.poro.tor , and t, er e ar e thi ng s

loup lllt.mps i.ri 1..ltt. water anu Lh going ove r bourd . .[ think th1:1.L i t might r;raf1 , .

pret Ly obvious that L 1ey ’ re f rom the space -

‘l’hcy a r e going a way genera Lly .

.L th’ir1k a point Lhat JJm made, and [ !,hink I ’ v

made i t clear , but

nay be not , U1aL Lh ‘Y wcr • ac 1,11u. ly goi n.g smaJ l

end forward , actually ,

t lie l’ir · t.

quite a

I ik<: Lil<’ :;l,re:trnl illcs wcr’ t’.ninis back, arn you

11)0],,•it

i :; I.IH· v/lJ,.Y

l.i1:tl.

::<:v … 1·11.I I i11 •

::n

l. imc W<’ w”rC 1:~~)illg f’r-onl, r~~nd forwar

:1.11tl

i I, ~,1t1-’.l1 t.

L<l 1-\u ,

L11,•t’(’ is a l i l .I

l.irri,·‘.: v-1• · 11:<il. 1tr’<>111HL l.ll t.t1)i111-’. :.:inn!. . end

I.I,•·

k.1,,iv-1

Li 1,1, 1, , pu.r· l. icl •::

wt:

1,hu,t, U1is i:, a l,IH.:u r·,y

<‘r10111~lt )HJ.rt. i (’ l L::; ev ‘n

b’

t’orw re

· t , and i t hought 01’

flow .

well Rut

:1.nd the stre am

l’ !‘.l>ing eqtu.dly as W<.:11 ti is way . l,11aL

:wnie p1..:up]’ had Lhat there is

in ti. ver·y r •d11ccll !‘low area to cau se a stream-

I inc: l,ut u.11p:ir,:11Lly not.. r:u r 1lw 1 Cu,1p,· r· ~::ii d

lie L11ou1-’;lll. Ll1n.t lie could

tis

i t as a yaw r efer -

Be;lt 16 ‘l’hc: 11,.t.r·Lic: I c•;~ c omi.m~ 011 . Lhe back . i’.1.tL 1.11 ·n we; :;aw U- 1 .L _y1J.w

,~ co1lld ~,,,b soJ utC;ly coul ,.i not use i t a s a

.re;J’e r enc:c: .

‘l’h1~ y w ·re go ing ::; tra i.gl it, /\n,y way .vo 11 W<!n: g oi.ng ,

‘o wurd . l.hc:y were :d wny:. f lowiue with you , and i t

wu · tl 11. ·re wu c : l.wo nri nc d 11 mp sy:.; l.c; 1r1:; o n th · :;v at;ecr a1·t , on 111il.

LIH, r1 1;:l1L t,;i<e and unc.; durnped

11,1L

I.lie 1 1· 1, si. e .

dumped

Tht: one on

l.he r L/-~~h l. ::; i.d c _yotJ c:ou I cl s e ouL l.!1c r Lt~~ l1L w i.n uw and Lhey would c vcnl.w..1.J J.y come on the lefL :::ide 11m l you c ou ·lcl .,ee t hem out both win-

_ows .

Pre dominantly on Lh

1 ft s i.de ,

right side .

LL wri.., predomh1a c on tile

‘l’hey al vtay::; ri.pp -ar cd to l;e ·t u1t r; n, .Id

Look

Whe

eft

pl’1er i c;.1.l .

an d l,licy w r e

1~1, i n1’.

s t -r ai /:‘)1 L -

.,,,. t:;

L’ae;L , Lt 1c; pr-Ltjest. :;i1~1it.

1.11<· wh ole flight wo.s -

Ll1cr_:u - wi t.h L111: s1m :;l1 i 11ir t/!: o n :LJl the s e par t icle s .

re:J.J pn:L l.y .

/l1:.1.L w-r c: yoi1r

Ll,0111’.h L:.; l’t.- /‘.llr Jlll/~ 1,1 tr-l . i 1: ·11a L i 11c: in th’-’

1’. row1n - :::pucc:1·.r:tl’ L •~>CJ>(;r•i.me:rtl 1,11 .

11 l’ Lhis wuy .

l.l,js .r-i gl1L 1;. :;11ns ·I. uml _y 1 >1t vl<.lllld h;,1,vt• a pcr l’cctly black

:;ly 1-1i!.h 1J.II

I l.

you know you

v ~ry l1r i ll:\unL .

/::. u 1riaLl,e t · of

yuu ’ d J

dump d from the

s ide .

wuu J.u I ok u1 1L an<l Lhc_y wer . g0in v. :; t. r-1.1. Lght

‘I ‘ll •y wer

1~r,,und f’nnC” 11 cr<:ril, J,y

wl ; r< : :; 1ml .hing

w ll.l1 yoltr

dtJ i nt~

1: 1s to be

S (l11<.:

.h ing else

oor ina. ed one

f r om .,he

:; I ,:;.c ·1’€ : r-:.1.l’ l. .

I l.l1i11k _y,, 11 w1111i d lie :t!,!c Ln d o :; i1111l:ll1 i nc; l il, • Lhat . l :t.Y i 1/’. twl.

p:d .l.,· 1· 11 :;

,in

l.11<·

1’. r· u11nd

r·u r· visual .

’{,>1

1111• J.11

t ll1 ,

J, · L ’ :.: :: :i._y ::,·:t l.i11 1’ . ” l11 11Ti, · 1i 11t ’ d r· :.:,)1111.:Lhi11;~ ;.;uch ns that where

~E:lt 16 _yuu would vi.sually

you

We we re essentially

oing someth i ng like that on our fl ight - on our

WOl1l d

oLse r vc something clown below you .

f’ ight plan , and we didn ’ t follo w i t exac tly .

were gett i ng

informa,ion f r om the gr ound on when to do ce r tai n thi ngs .

We we r e

r,::s nt,i:J.ll.Y ,Juir1t_’.; i,h r.i.t.. .

w • r<; cuin i rig

‘l’I 1(.;_y Lu I cJ u :; ~,h

l111r-rj<.:nnr-; n1.1.m(; ,

e~i v : a.<.:r; ll1 in l. ::; ul’

.L L wa~

W(;

)v, • r· C:nrJa ,

U1r: ~Kten siv

h11 r-r i c an ’ ,

L;]oud areas .

nfort..un Le at t..hut. 1.jJnc i.. huu1.~tJ • trie r e w re

c loud s i..ha L charuc te r i zed a t r opical s Lorm .

::::truct r e or c l ud mas s

a nd the

no c.:haracter i s t i c

’!‘here was ju st a b ig

we took some pic t ures of i t .

They don ’ t

ci ve you. t..h ’ c i r c.:ulati.ori Lhu.t you would like to se e , but they <.:n11 tell

yo 11 - tl1.i s is wtint we did on the g r o und t r ack ing too, t h e y

1,old u s wl,c ·c t..o Jook Lo p.ick

vi•; d id. 1,/-te :~ IJ.Tne

rJ,(;

()WTl

<·c r-l:1.1..i.n tar gcLs .

Lu.al) y .,,i th g . L t, i n1-(. Ln t.,

r-cq1 e~ 1,e Si tio11 v e.tSL!S

ours

itp

u l ittle

aJ.L • tude .

We <lid , we pi cked

t he a nomaly .

We llad to

We had

hange time and run

it . we got orbit tracked up Lli re which we couldn ’ t

As a mo.t’t..er of f a t

rctLll.‘f do a g r eat d.ea.l with o,tr o wn selves b ecause the or b it t r a ck J1 1i1l

1.irne

Li1’.1e

u , , <;k

r·i gl1L u.J.ong iL and we covld irn.le-µcnden ly

when W(; were; r..:oinil w o v

1,:r1 , di_d ,y ou ex:r>• ri.cncc any

r ;in 0 11,jcct of in t.c re s t

n th~ g r ound .

.iJT · cull..‘f in operaUon o

t he .. … . ..

.’ Lili

rlil ‘fi c·11II.I•·:; wi l.11 1~:wc.;

I ,1.

i I.

l.0

jt,_

,J i rn, lie s ui<I

wl11: n y ()11 l11 t r1 cl c.!d

know at a

n←lL

vJl1t~I! WV -

:;11n,

wl1 eLl1t• 1·

we bud 01ie

r two

I lir,111gl1L Lile’ ,: rnne r 1:1. IJll kin and

i I, .,n w .;c.;t,

,ir 1

u l>o 11t. …

ii. I.,, Ill ’ :;um• l.i 111<. ln.Le1 ·.

:Belt 16

:,ome t i me later , bu t we don ’ t know whethe r we got gimrr.i ed around i n ,he s a ce craft or whether it wa s my big fat handed ·glove I tur ned Lhe wheel and ac tually tur n ed it about - you have t o turn it th i s

way to find out what y ou turned it _ to an d I J: he] d

j t

aJn

afraid - of course

Ui • 3 ~,u.y and I could huve ci rnc that w· t h the hand on the

v I t)t.:J< .

‘.:lo , Lit i.::: mi 1-~hL l,c urn.: :::ou.:r·,·< · u I· <.: rror- wh i.ch wo ul

, Iii..:

Ll,e 1.>1H..:rul. i.un 01· .i. L.

l.1.1

hav e bee n

i\no Lh, ; r- “nc tho ueh , t hat we had prior

t.o tl1c Lim(.: t haL c >ntirn1<)llS tuk.lng plcLure s, the ins ide .shutt er

(loesn L ba<.:1< _yo11

op .n -

oc::m ’ t

:.;o

y oI1 drop the J’ront s hutt e r all

,m.nt and you get a black J’rmn’ :,.nd we go t, quit e a weries of b lack

f’.rames on L11e 1’:i.Jm .

But thi~ may lie u. mechanlcr.i.l problem t hat we

had , as fa-r as ope r ating Lhe c1.JJT1e r a , t.11e moun t ing of the camera on the gun l tself, made it difficult Lo ope rate .

‘1.’ he s ame th · ng, if

yo u had a crun.erc,. tl1a.L was j foot w.Ldc and one and one-half foot .Long it

WO il l.<.J

l;C! hu.rde r

I reuJ.i.zc Ll111t .

I ri i,j _cctl thut in oft(; of y our’ shots from the space -

<· nd’ L .YOH l1 u.<l 1.1 wh i Le

‘1’1 1<; wl,il.c :~111c1n·, i i. l 11.1.<l

i!u ,

1, i .<.;

~we .u ·

LlJ

pr i r1L .

Now , is thr.,,i., on e y ou ·

ul.s,1 d11r · n,v; .vu11r l.r-ai.nin1-~ period ’:’

1· x. pc.: ri1 : nc ·d

·,.rnl

Lo OJ) :r-a. te .

I l le li : v ~!

i:: I.IH;

1’ i cl .1ir·c Ji111 t.o okof

Llie window,

LJ1.1 lL ::,m1 : n r· ,, 11 L11c wi ndu~, . i n Lh <.: p:tiJ1L

w ,i.:;

l.1..s•lf.’ .

Yu 11 loow Lli c 01e I

1uureferri ng

Lu .

Yu.:,

1,1 10 0 11.; yo11

l’r

nt. no s e straigh t

int o Jim ’ s

Is Ll1js th e un ·’ wi LI, Lhe whil.t: syme t..clcal s t r eak a ll the

window .

‘l ‘i ii.1.L ’ s

t o ok .r Le;hL r ‘iE hl.

rt g l, L .

‘l’lH: r t · ;1.rc;

1·r: rn11 : :; .

1:,-‘.Lt le i..LJ’ not.

wh :,,t,

‘.~IH’t;

Ll,c, _y

1.t.rE:

,;.I f .

i.tL

‘i’l1ere is a ::iymmei.r i.c:al one on each one of them . ~~/ell , i. t goes back acr oss the fi lm~~ about 90 de g r ees. I s it stra · ghi ? :~tra.l!:!:ht , i.L ’ s a ]‘)retty ,

·he same w-i tlL!1 all the way across .

·1 L m Lr.~l1L b<; ln.Y !it1.IJ11cl. L L<; - down GLrnp .

I\Ju ,

l.11is

‘J’l1 is

i.s

1:.1.<…:ross

W’IJ.,~

a <l il ‘I’ rc: nL

•r.po!.:11 c!; 011 1,utr , sicJ es .

par I. ic:u.lar too, l1eca1 se tht: exposure goes all the way th e fllm .

You … .

It is noL with · n the

r rune itself.

So there ls a p ec uliar ity there .

Wjth respect. to the bl ac.;k f r ame , the people have lo oke d at it and tliey don ’ t Lllink t.hi.s

j s

problem mo ·l, likely .

We a r c .i.nves1, igating i t fur ther .

1 also , was

a mechan •c:.1.l p ro le .

ulk ing Lo some people on I.he cam n.ts on i i.. and they

l’1!lL I.J1nL il. wus an imag

of some L_y pc wi t.h U,, br ightness out there , I.L

‘l ‘l1cn~ wou.L·

im11g

L11 .r e yo1i c:u11.J.d

Wr~

anything on it?

1 dor1 ’ I. lmuw .

.ittt;I,

helrl

we• 111;1.vr~ done., ‘I ‘! 1:1.!,

wouldn ’ t b e black .

b ring i L out .

Ar·i] L/1c:;e Lhings reull,y bl.a.ck. , or j :; LJ1e r e Wt-, 1.1 ,

It is <1.n exposure

i L trp J ike t.!ti.~; and looked down , a11d that is a 0u

Loo , ,Jim .

i ,; LJ 1e: , ,n J y

T d.un ’ I.

w. y l I u.1 ve nn

u1.· 11k

all

C:ll11 J d11 ’ L

see · Lll., th i ng .

•L li:wc,11 ’ I. r- 11n 1.1. 1’.uud. <10Lai Led :JL1HJy .vet .

l’,1 11. u,. :; l , r· i 1-’.lrl. a1J

l.lwn· .

i I.

,i1il.

l.111’1·,~ ,

.i 11::I, ,·emcm L’1 · t.u e

ii wa s my

I iJp11 ’ I. :;,•c! l1ow , (•vc,r, 1,t. 11. ll >OO ; t,,ca11S1J wi h the recommended

7 Li’t.” n.k .is abou L ‘.:>UO that yo u would have some type o f an

:~c, LL i n1 ~ I

underexposed someth ing yo

can see … .

I think so . Our measured success o f that camera hasn ’ t been high. I ‘m al’raid every time we ()f

we are getting

cour·!;e

Lr<1.ce Lhern

med i t , fl

l) ,

j t

failed .

of the se thin{“s , but when we go t o

own, we can ’ t rr::nlly Li_e them down .

can tie do’Wrt al;out ;; Limes for you .

We Ll, I

When the film in the

td .ti Lwle chamber in exa<: Lly Lbut moue , the s hut Le r doesn’t fall, Ll 1c mir.i:or in L11e l;ack doc,::;n ’ t fal l.

I L’ s ~ ~ ) t a lmnd.le <.>n tlluL one and he discover d the r E:ason for i t . ‘l’l1cy l 1ud i, I 1Ls c1uncra bcl. 1, u.L McDormcJ.l r igh t no-w . ‘J’r c twc we had o u L 1e .f’.L.i ght .

‘l’tie onE: we ha.d on Lhe fli ght and they a r e l ooking at H

to see if

the r e we r e any of tho se kind of’ event f’r ames, that t hey found . I s t ha t the one - No , the problem that the y found in the altitlJde chambe r was a b ent

part, .

But they don ’ i.. know how it J’;Ot bent ,

mude j L bc 11 ,

buL

they don ’ t, know what

t.11cy· 1. 1:r:e going Lo look at Lb.i.s came ra to to

see

i 1’ l,li r:c wr ‘rc n.lly of’ tl1ose kin s o l” frames n.p11arent .

I l.hi1 1k w-hul. i. ” ul::;o 1- nl.e rcs Ll11g

co1 J I c1

Looi\

me .

r emember l oking in the

at, t.tie ro I J o I” U1c or i c; “Lnn.l s e ()lte n(.;e and I think we

r:uuJ Li ulmo;~ L Le I I I·a u .1a-C; .

i ,l ,

Li’ we ll n.d u co.mer.a fn.i.lLtre ur we h ucl an e xp osure

I11- r:a.11:.;1..! L.l1”

‘x-posu ce

fall11:r

you l1ad lt , :t’rom then on

8 J i c:Lucc: .~ 1-1<,ulrJ b<.: I; I ,J.<;k uri<l m,lyl,1; .i.f you riu.<1 a r c,.ndom failure

.Y<)1t1·

o l’ U-1<.:: mirro r not .

l,:.J.c:k

ther e .iL might Lake a pie L1u-e somet ime , sometime

The oack plate - there were expo sures on almos t every frame.

There weren ’ t these , I g1less a fairly lar ge number of f rame s that w-ere 1>lack . vlr.: r r.: 1, 1,<;

, l<J ,

11< 1 ,

i,uL

l’r-:lJne:; ir1l.c rm i1, 1.t:n1.l_y thnl. ,tc r e blac:k on these ? l.b1,.t, l

l.ookvcl

c1,c:1i

lJ .

l~,oked -

l d Ldn ’ t

luoh at all of them

1.1.L 1)., J’uLrl.Y 1~~oorl :Jtri11/~~ u1’ Lhem antl thero were a

cou-p t c ol’ t.he:m , one: or 1.w-o p oi.nt::: , one p o int wher~ ther e is a small

over.lap in Lhe frame, buL that i s uoout the only problem that we rou.ncl on the black and wl’ii te . \✓ell,

a re ther e e xcept.ions in the color that. a r e black?

In the color, yes .

There are .

I tMnk this is - -

l don ’ t, know - ‘l’hcre Ls no i.rnJ i en.Lion Lha.L you goL a random l’uilur e in the mirror I.hen’! 1, i.eht. , you :;cc we nr e upplyj r1g U1j_:; un GT- 5 .

‘j’trr e e experiments

1w<l we 1.t.re kind ol’ c.;onc:crned a liou.t I.hat .

Lr, i fl~, yo11 [;hou I d be r-u,•.1..ll,y .

IJ i <l .’J’rn :;c<· <Jitsl, JHLrt.i, · I<::-; r·.1outin1’. u 11t; the ca.l.) Ln when you had the I 1: d,r;li

Ye ·:.; ,

open .

l.t’ .vou did , wl 1al. J’lon.L,: u ,)uL’?

we <li<l ~;cc tlt1::L JF•.r-Lt<:1<! 0 , Ll1<:rP was dusL. 1·ioatinc; f r om the inside

l.11 I.I,,. 1111l.:;idu, 1.,,

J: l.l1i.r11< l.l1c.V U t’ <.:! ,j1 r:;l, g ,l”Lng J’r-um o. high p ressure area

n. low -pr-(.::; s11 r 1· a r011. .

. B-=lt 16 /\nyw,,;,y

my suit J.eu.ked

th y all do y ou know s o that 1.he re is

cetting something on the in side , also, we had a lot of th ings i n there that were p robably outcast . /\lso , Lhe insides were dirty . on ’ t agre e wl th that.

:·ru 1 1.n liow

j d

irir;ide

o , Lh

efinite t’low of par ticle s

,o the outside . rlE: glc.rve outside .

you ge ,

t..111 nk Llmt may have -

The re was a

glove wasn ’ , put out , it went out by LLself .

J cun ’ L say L’ur <•ure U1uL anyone hi L i L , but Lh re i

somethi ng

ve r.v inL r c::;I..Ln1~ LliuL 1m Jess you sc:e iL , it n _ver davmed on me t,~ .rorci . l>uL we J1nd .s me JierLutl::; uf l. imr.:: where 1.,;c1 was asleep and I

’ L huv’ m1tcl1 Lu do, t:o I fo ol ed 1J,round with what things do i n

:t.<.:ro g and 1 ulm sL had a pcrC’eci, conservation of energy until you relea·e an ubjecL and push it o:ff .in a c e rtain Lo r icoche, aroun

i rec tion , i t continu ed

the spacecraft unt il i.., c atche s onto a lever o r

.i.t gets we ged in somelhi.ng, but iL doe sn ’ t seem li ke when you drop u.

ball on Lh

c.: I.op” ,

e;round • L goes haem , IJoom

t L is k.Lr d of l i.k, Lliat, .

::,1meU1in~‘. :iw l ::;pin •>t1r; of” L11r; wid<: a11<J

JI. keeps going - - - If you take

it . wi.n Ju”L “n.y th :r~ an d sp· n .

l’i,rid L>1Lf<C w<· 11:u l wl1it: l1 W<‘n· ul>t1ut L.lii ::;

v 1 ·1 ·_y

.i 11: ;I, ::t,n_y

iL ,

l.l1i11 1i11d

I wu11 l <J

11,<; r, - a11<1 :JJ>i11 .

,j11.sl.

:,p i u

,,. pi,·•~, or mcl.E.1.I Ll,nL it

r·u1111<I

w:l ’

long tnd a 11ud i

i.L J ikl! Urn.

took 0tt

tha

wo ld

Wit.I , m> ,lu ·rense j n - es s enl.iall,v no /\not.11,•1 · i11

Uu.1.L lu.1.d

boom, lioom , and finally

:-.:cr·e wecJ

.>J1l,c

i.c:J.ticlll I observed , I had i,l!c

d.isc: wi Ll1 a J.oop i 11 i L un

I i rJ.k d,~ wi Ll :ind t.lt n I.I 1< : r t: wus :,mot I,e r

· n ··Lru.mentlition panel Lhen it

‘hain l i.nh

a chain

ewi tt, and that

Belt 16 c11 air1J ink

o:ito t e ins r ument panel , s o tr.at the r e

as s c r e we

r-e u Jy w&s - U w me ta.

were

h• u a

[‘&n

,J.

link, the n 11nother fixed link, and the r e

in 011r suit loop , und y ou could fee l t hat inle t

v a ve un er·neath the insLrument panel, a nd I r e a ly s houldn ’ t b e

·, c ry muc h ui r going throu.g}i ther :, smc.1.JJ por l. Lon of

becau se y ou only blowing just

he uir fr·om the c ;J.IJin

Lhe :;mall u.lr or oxygen in I.he su • L i Ls(.;lf , c·ulaLc a. J j L tle b • t

·ti r C.t· 1m t he suit ,“ln

of air fr om Lb •

nd mixing i ” O

wi th all

y·ou ju”t sort recir

,J.bln and mj xing it wi t h mostly

it ,just so happeued t h at I noticed the part i

c 1.e s with:in l.. he ..,1mcecraft 1, ndecl tu flow down .m d you could get 11

r-cuc.- L’in i. Lr! s t..rcu:rn.1 in , f”c Ll

Lh .rou1.i:JI m,y leg a.nd. this

motrnl.cd .j1 1::I. 1:1,l1ovc Lhu.L , lrnL up ug11i.n:.;l, the l” l al, pane]

l•:nd of tape .

ctal

was

so that the … .

Belt 17

and the Spacecraft tended to pull down to here the redefinite streamline down through my legs and this met al was mounted jus t above that, but up against a flat panel so that t he ball ad of the panel i s here and t he metal is mounted

pin here .

And I watched that thing start into motion.

Really, I’ d just touch it and it would s t art loffing. like this and boun e up like this . i t for ovc

It would loff over

And it went on for - one time I timed

20 minutes and other times for as long as 30 minutes - and

the only thing that ever stopped it from t his continuous motion - this loffing back a nd forth - was a piece of gawkroll t hat we had gl ued on underneat h i t and every once in a while it harl an edge on it like a nickel or a dime where it essentially came off like this and every once in a while I ‘m sure that that edge got stuck in the gawkr ol l , but it never, ever stopped unles s it got stuck in the gawkroll. have happened to the glove .

And t he same kind of thing could

It might have been put i n motion in the

spa cecraft and then just I wasn ’ t looking ‘at it AND it could have been rico heting around inside the spacecraft for a long time and it finally went off. The same th ng applies to your strap… . . I think wll t you th r

ught as far as u Clowout of spacechart is concerned,

’ s a tr m ndous ex mpl

on. my h lmet tied-on …,trap . the £.~love

low -

of iL in the fi rst part of the film. It ’ s <le i nitely taking exactly the path of

omcs up, goes out, und aches ov r, and i

am out and followed exactly that path .

arched over, and went top 01’ the .

you rec 11, the

arne up and out,

ight out the right side of the spacecraft over the

Belt 17

It conti nued right on out . You can s ee there was a fa i r amount of sun i n and out of the cockpit. Quite a bit. You could see all the dust particles . way out .

You can count the streamline on the

.Maybe we ’ ll have a tou h on these last t wo experiments and then

ome back if there - j ust to make we touch on all the … … the radiation exp riment insicle the cabin.

Is there any comment or question

that .

… . that this was the little ball .

Right .

Ed White, why don’t you ·omment on that?

Yeah 1 t his is a fairly straightforward experiment in which I ’ m sure the people responsible that are f amil iar with it.

It was a measuring device

in which we measured the spacecraf t radiati ons f or 1- minute periods of time at 6 different spots of t he spacecraft and this we did at prescribed times during the fli ght .

A very straightforward experiment.

That ’ s all the background ( up to) t his morning. bout it

Are t he re any questions

The last one was the Hangd.ella Sexon experiment

We covered t his in great, great detail yesterday on tho. t cxpcrim •rrt;?

Did anybody br:l ’

y ’ all ask ct. qu

tJ ons on

about thr c hours .

and I don ’ t .

I t hink it would be bett r if

t because if we w nt through i t , it would take

Do., anybody have any questions about it?

No, I think we got a very good thorough field for i t yesterday when we went t hrough it in detail .

That leav s t he vi sual obse rvations . Ye s . /\nd I know you we nt t h .ough tl1at y sterday a nd I listened carfully. ‘I ‘hat ’ ::i

riefl t .

won ’ t, have. to -

Belt 17

And I personally asked Glen, Cochran, Schirr a , a nd Cooper if they say a meteor and they all said negative. And t hen you both said you saw a meteor. No, a falling star .

Ha Ha.

I think thcre ’ e a diff rence betw en what w say and what ,;.re were expected to se as f a

ns meteors are cone rned.

Are you t a king about micro-,eteor.i tes striki ng the No, I ‘m t alking about meteors in the atmosphere . O. K. O. K.

Below.

Below we saw them.

Little ones .

Ah , little ones . Yes .

Now, one of the obvious situati ons is t hat you said you said a 7th

magnjtud

otar.

c o probably your vi sual sensitivit y was better than

another ob er vation.

The window wa s better or something.

Di d you make a count of the num.be Wait a minute .

Is that it?

of t he-

What are file s you use success?

Well, if you have poor visual sens i tivity, then the number of meteors observabl

drops of f very qui ckly with the sensitivity of the eyes .

You sc, 10th magni tude , you could see a lot more meteors in the atmosphere than you ·an if you … … 2nd magnitude . How many do I exc .cd … . . 2nc o rel r of meteo1:s . Yc a.11 .

They were ~nd or er. me t eor s and -

And the question arises

Belt 17

They were quite bright . O. K.

You saw only bright ones.

About how often did you see any? said,

About how many did you see? Could you have made a count of them and

Let’s l.ook at met eors f’or awhil.e” ?

Yes, we could have. Could you have sat down there and counted t hem all off as you say them and give them relative attention? You see, I hes itate to give you a number because I think that if we did, you’d tend to come t o the wrong conclusion because we weren’t looking out of the windows at night all the time . No . Quite often we had things to do i nside and: we turned the lights up and never even looked out . . Oh, you weren 1 t dark enough, is that it? No, we already were looking out.

We were attempting to look out and we

couldn 1 t see out because we had t he lights way up and, first, we were working at the window, and secondly, if we we r e we couldn ’ t have seen.

if we give yo\l a number, make sure that you don ‘t s ay that, O. K. , we say

15 m tears in :four days and therefore they’re going t o see . .

. and

that.’ s not right . No . o. K.

n1rt ber•auec .

If y·o1, want H. number, I saw probal>.Ly betwee n 10 and 20, but again I

wasn ’ t looking out; all the time . No, so you really weren’t looking f or a meteor, right? No , we sure weren ’ t . And you have tor member, also they occur in a rather uninteresting place.

Belt 17 They don ’ t occur up in th

heavens , they occur down below you .

5 This i s the

area that you spend a great deal of time looking at i n t he night.

You’re

looking up at the stars. We came to the conclusion that you looked at the ground in the daytime,’ you looked at the horizon starting at night, and if you were looking some where else , you really didn ’ t see much.

You find out that sky, in the

daytime you a.on ‘t see anything-

I was just curious whether it would be worthwhile to spend a little bit of time looking sort of at the ground close to the hor izon and trying to count meteors in terms of finding out what I ‘m sure we c ould . Getting a count on. It occurred quite low do,m … … … You looked down a t 30 there’d be meteors ; at 45° there’d be meteors.

and

Obviously well below you.

Did they l ook any different from shooting star s from a baJ.loon? The t hing that I not iced about them is that they were short and I think this is probably because you’re l ooking at them from above and the angle - the lengt h of them - of short , and. you ’ re seeing them a s they come down through the atmosphere from above a nd so you see a line that’s lonly that long from above .

Up there it ’ s only that long , and then when you look at

them f’rom down below you see them .ome all the way down and they appear to me’l’hey ’ rc probably microscopic .

The random slope direction.

~.iometime s they ’ re real 11ttlc tiny short ones and1.nd I think the short on ‘fl would. more be an indication that they were very

d.im ones , b <;ausc the dimmer the meteor, the shorter the trail.

Well that :..:c’rns r .u.aonti.blc . I’

i’

1-,t • ‘l

: ,.,

’ I \ ,11

Belt l7

But what you ’ re looking at right here then i f it was dark. To tell you the truth, I think what ‘s more· important is the angle that you ’ re looking at them at. Well anyway, we did see a lot of them.

And they ‘re not difficult to see.

And I don’t think we were looking a t anythi ng that approaches a 7th magni tude meteor . You see we could seeWell, I was just curious whether this was the reason why the, Much brighter than that.

I didn’t see any real dim ones.

a matter of fact , since we weren’t looking for them, you know, we wouldn’t have seen them.

You look up there and you say “I wonder what magnitude

star I can see” and you look around and you say “O. K., I know that’s a 3rd magnitude and that’s a fifth and then I see that one over there is dimmer than the fifth and that one’s evan dimmer so t hat eventually you come to the conclusion that maybe you can see 7th magnitude

… I saw those because I wa s looking for them and I could come to t hat conclusion, but I never looked out at them to see how dim a meteorite

I was only seeing the ones that I was attrac ted to while I was l ooking f or something else . ~,o that might be 1:1. nice thing to ( a sk) … … … . . on the next (fligh t) .

W 11, if you looked out for th m, you probably could see a lot dimmer ones . Dr . -

… … … general ~uesti on or something?

Eelt 17

Do you remember on your consumption of oxygen . You shouldn’t ask.

That ’ s a hard one for me to answer .

I know what the

flow into the suit was and.Look, somebody might have given you the

I don’t believe that you could get that figure because you see it was an open roof system a nd.What ’ s not used goe s right on.

I n fact, not only that, it comes in at a

f i xed rate and it goes right over the sides. You can ’ t get that when you ’ re fuel i ng. Did you come across any unusual problem outside the vehicle that you didn’t expect? No.

Here ’ s one you may not want to comment on.

Do you have any comments to

make in r egard to the capability of putting man aboard and hide inside the vehicle , the satellite Without a ct uall y . .

. ?

Doing what? Putting a man aboard You mean go over and take a look

… … . Sure.

That’s one of t he

reasons we ’ re doing this . You think lt ‘s perfect . Pull

11:p

along s 1dc of it and go ever and take a look a t it .

(You don ’ t 1’oresc, e.ny u.nus®l probl ems, do you?) No.

… the tumbling (mold) “l

Excuse me? Even jf it ’ s in the tumbling mold? You ’ re goinp; to use some good judgment about what you do as f ar as going

Belt 17 . It 1 s the same kind of problem we have associated with the booster.

We spend quite a bit of time ahead of time trying to determine

exactly how much of t he tumbling b ooster we could plan to go up and take a look at and we finally came to the conclusion that it was up to the 1>ilot 1 s good judgment to approach the booster using his O’W?l j udgment on it.

There

just wasn 1 t a way to put a hand.J.e on it - well it’s tumbling so many de grees and out of plane and you can go or you can 1 t go.

I think if you see

it, you ‘ll know whether you can or you cant . Is the problems connected with the difficulties in closing the hatch unidentified? They ’ re working on those , I t hink.

I’m not sure that they completely

ompleted the case . I was asked to find out whether we have some lubricants in the very close cauldrons was contributed I think that kind of inf’orma.tion should come from t he systems people who have done a lot of work on it.

Yes, t t ’ i t1k … . .

•.•••

•..•…•••••••.••.•

Are the re any other general questions? Yes, I have one .

In your effort to photograph specif i c objects on the

groun, wh~t kind of siting devices - . did you use optical siting?

Did

you try at any time to use the reflex viewing arrangement of the 35 mm? uh

siting deviL:e

For siting ’/ yes . We looked out through it but it was mounted in s uch a manner that you

Belt l7 couldn ‘t do any more than look out. You couldn’ t aim at a particular point and correct forNo, because it amounted to looking over this way and then controlling the spacecraft back that way. In addition to that, you had up and down, which is worse. A redu ed . That’ s the reason I a sked the que stion.

I wondered i f you had used that

paJ:rti cular thing and whethe r it was useful . You could see what you were looking a t, yes, but, controlling a space craft, no .

I think you could have ma.de a little near - actually got around

to t hat part of it … . . you did the firs t time .

But if you wanted

to t ake a picture of s specific ob ject, and one person was controlling t he space craft and the other person was going to take the picture, he could take the pictures when he saw them in the viewer .

control

the spacecraft too it would be a One other point i s how accurately do you think you can point a photo-system with the optical site’ Cert ainly with .:ta half a degree . Plus o

minns half ad gree .

robably l os than that .

Maybe on the order of a quarter.

Do yo u have a picture of the site agai n? No, we don’t . There ’ s a dt fercnce between the open bars on the site .

Do you hav~ to go , Bill? No, I don ’ t . I can give you n b tter answer if you come and as k me in a day or t wo

Iielt 17

when I get i t little

l~t me: look clt the si te ~gain.

‘fhe e ’ s . . Excuse me .

visual obse .cvati ons . Let m answer one mor e .

Have you seen the tracking .film? No.

Look

t at - you

ould probably … . . p utt ing a grid on a screen .

I coul<l show you what I was u sing a ::; the targe .

You could

• • • • • feel the view that you got - that y ou ’ e looking at . Knowing the f’i ld you know, I’m sure you could calculate exactly what you an do . • • l:l.

tl,y whu L you .nn do.

‘.[‘hat ’ :; the :; ’ ·onll Lhj ne ] want to 1:1r.;k Dr . White

of vi ew. of View.

Yo u w nt outsj_<lc tJ1

bout - r:ornments of fields

spar: •<;ra t and then you ·h ad a Wider field

Yeah . How would y ou describe th

difference in field of view in terms of your

visual sensibility in looking at the lemo.

Any problems about t hat?

Oh, golly. It’s like l ook •i.nc; ouL t .h wj.ncto, out

ha tl1r-oom w i.ndow vers s l ookinB out the f ront

pi · tut·c· ~-rind >w, whi< ·h :is like g oine to a movie th atre where

yo1, ha.vc, it lJ LL.l e r :um t l,c>r ·e rtn( l t h 11 goi ng to (m . of tl1es one:~; . Did

You l 11,vc• Lo L1a·n yo 11c lll:ad

you 1·-·n<l

Wc •J J., I

:.;1;J,

l.11 c: :JI)l.l.(‘C’

pJ.:d,,•

wide- s reen

Ln :;cc it all .

<J11jl~c . .d1•q1iatc?

l.d. _yn1, l1tJ. vc to L10:n y ur.

IJ( ’ 1Hl

t o see it .

C uJ cl like y 0 11 G then lJ 1c whole }iorj.zon’!

Did you f ind any differences

Belt 17 ,L.LOfli—‘.

the 1,url:r. on’!

You ,::an sec, the curvatu(’(; :ln the horizon whe:n you ’ re just l ooking out the window of the spacecraft.

And then when you’re looking out there you se e-

K. then, yo~ could ~ompare one part of the horizon to another to look for variations. Yes .

In dnyligb t .

Yes. You <:ould sec a great deal o.r t he horizon out the window Did it look all t he sf.i.me - uniform - or did you find a ny variations? No, I did n ‘t.

It looked just the r;l).me - like three more piece s of dough

What about stars i n t he daytime’! I didn ’ t see any outside .

/\nu I d.jdn ‘t specifically try to chaff myself

t o do t hat… … . scattered light It was ver y bright out there and I even looked in the shaded areas which we ren ‘t shaded deed shnde but behind t he door , places like that. Cooper and :·ic.:hi r.ra i n the d.::tyti!ne ‘!

Go.w a dayel ow.

Were

1 ,a

Iklt 18 .. , • .. , . , , . <lce-p Sl1 1i<1a ,

Were Coop ~r

rind.

t, ·•hlnd Lhe du()t·, J)laC !,’;$ like that .

:·;ch.lrru ln the rlayt 1me?

Sor t of date - low. Could you see t hat also? What di d t hey describe as the basis? They … the sky had u brightne s s t o it … above t hem . And when Cooper woke up , he was mostly in the daytime.

He (not iced)

out on t he wi ndow he knew i t was dayt ime right away … … … … … … … … … . Ha Ha Hu .

I could t e ll by up a nd down … . I tell ya , I woudn ’ t be uh I would he sit ate that there was actually phenomena like duy glow because it might be uh … You could liik out the window and whether you ‘re at night or in the dayt i me . may (not ) have anyth ing Lo do with what ‘s out there .

But it

It might not

have anything to do wi th t he space craft. You 1 ve got t wo windows, anyhow . There 1 s more to it than t hat.

You can tell whether you ‘re … . You know you’ ve got a b ig long nose

Belt 18

sticking ouL on th t spacecraft ; and if t h e s un is shining on that nose , ,you know darn well it ’ s based on it .

Al so t he light on

t he nose •• 3 refl ected back int o the windows gi ves you a light .

And

t here ’ s a. 1 ot of things 0 1 tside that window that gi ve light to your eye s .

We roun

1 ight to .vo1,r

that th · r e W/lS a f’l i m on (trie cone?) t hat gave (; y r:! :, .

gi ve you n. clu

The r e a rc so rnany th ln1.’.,e; n:round the r e that would

You could indeed be plo.(: ·•rt

oi1

t into a … if you

tllk that same spacecraft and I knew the re wasn ’ t anything out side,

no day gl ow, ju st nothin g but an ab solu tely black sky up there, shining l i ght on the spacecraft, the daytime .

I wou l d ge t the imp res s ion that I was i n

I hes itate t o lead you down the wrong p ath …

Did you see stars in the daytime f’rom ins i de the spacecraft ? At sunset and .;unrise that you c011ldn’ t when you shaded b oth on e• s

s ’ des .

Herc n.p;ain it ’ s the same kind of problem.

or Llt

wine tows; w

We had something

had th _ rJl’.‘ight nose of the spacecraft, the sun

was shining ori the spacecraft any1, Lu.ce 1 t event1 ally came into the winclows … in the fo rm of money . were in free drifl.

I could sees rneLhing bright up in the sky .

coul n ’ t Le t.1 you wheth r it was or an.vt.hine: .

w.. h who.t ’ s out there . lot o

som(‘Lh11 t1.1.

nooe

_plan et or whether it was a star

Rut ,you • ve got a loL of light c oming into the space

c raf’L o n the drw :s · cte f’rom th

And I , onc e or twice when we

<; L.Lck·i nv.

sun … d oe sn ’ t have anyth ing to do

It ha~ t o do with the fact that you ’ ve got out , ,y ou ’ V (’ got a l ot of window

on -t,h • w·indov, , n.nd even

w nd ,iw , tl1c l i 1.r11 I. com0.s 111 l.h n ro 1ir1d i.11 :;iJ, l.11-

~pa

era l. .

there was

u · the re “Wll.Sn ’ t any thing on the

wi 11dow f rom the su n and is reflected Yo11 ’ v

got sou rces of li ght just all

Belt l8

over the place . It foll ows, th en, if you switch that , I mean the next time is ter ical and the next time was great … . that if you could get out in the spacecraft at night, … . You ’ d sec a l ot more . ma.gn • tude :-itars,

stars

l’.,1i t

You say it ’ s “gre at ” becau se you saw 7th Ed and I

oth proved th t w _ could see mor e

.Ly t11p; in an airplane at 40,000 fe et here on earth than we

could up there . But Lhen if you want t o l ook at the diagolect ric exampl e, which is p:eomeLrical y ext nded ob ec L—you ’ re l ooki ng through this little narrow an,lc r estriction wher .as if you ’ d ·gone out s ide you could see this clong~Led phenomenon with ease — th e same with l ooking at meteors … You ’ r e making some conclusi ons ri ght now that we ‘re not — haven’.t made- nor maki ng . Well I ‘m t r ying t o get your impress i on as to whether-And I ’ m not sur e befor e when you were t al king ab out the dayglow of what conclu sion you drew from what I said . imply Lh at ther e ’ s a differenc

whic h 11.r

Are you t rying t o

be lMeen a ni ght sky and a day sky

01>vio1Jsl.y ..•… or b t ween the slcy and the ground in the

<layt: i rr11’ ? I ’ m L r y i ng 1. > J’lnd

irt

l1ow w 11 yo,ir seeing conditions w .re compared

l.o 1.lif, M rc 1u·y c t· ew ’ s .

llh -h1 l t .

J\nd tl e i mplication that I get i

thaL the i mplication is the same

condiLion in the dayt ime with i errical way th

spaccc r-aCt ·s shnped an

probably becaus e of the

mult iple scattered l ight .

Belt 18 I think you ’ r

drawing improp er conclus ions .

o. K . I don ’ t see why you say that the seeing condition s i n the daytime were extr emely poor .

In t erms of visual accuity, for looking , for example

at stars, -

Well , how ab out for tur ning down &nd looking at objects on the gronn .. Now that ’ s visual acc11 ’ Ly , also . Yes . And ·1 thoup;ht it was oulstanding .

Looking a L br ight obj ects , you ::,ee .

Where you don ’ t have a high

contrast required . You mean on the ground they ’ r e br ight , yes . The n ther e is a high contrast requi red on the ground .

If you ’ re

l ooking out at a star, you know , you ‘ve got a bright star against a black sky .

That ’ s pr etty high contrast .

down at the ground . a

u:rk. fi0 Id .

Yo1

The same thing l ooking

You ’ re . ooki ng at a white road going across can

those 1.hi.ne;s .

Y s , lrnt. t,IH’ only :prohlem h re •i

Lhat you ‘re l ooking thro gh a

ha:G • o r n ·cattered lay r of ljght. … sc att ering illto the sp acecrafi.

or on Lhe window .

scat.t. red (frost) on th nighL

For instance, the case if there’s no spacec r a

When tha

disappears at

you can •·ec directly througl1 the window and yot r vis ual

sensitivity goes up Lo a maxim m o:f (phot ogr aphication ) . Whict1 obvious y must have happened b ecause o Lei.. me t. 11 yoll what I think .

the way things were .

.link there are so many things .he layer on the

Belt l8

windows , the light corning through, that I couldn ‘:t tell you whether there ’ s anything that if I looked up above I could see an image, or not .

But I t hink that possibly , if we could find a long black

tube and a window with no film on it and some way of closing off all t..he liv,ht inside the spacecraf t , I fe el that maybe I could look t1p a.ncl T could have seen t he ulack sky ( and the stars ) . Yeah , we didn ’ t have t.,hat , so I wouldn ’ t draw that conclusion from what. I saw up t..here ,

All I can say is that you couldn ’ t see up

and see t he stars in the daylight because of’ all the se other reasons . could .

Now if you eliminate other reasons, I think probably you I wouldn ’ t say f or sur e that that ’ s r i ght .

The point that

interests you when you ’ re talking about accui t y, is t o look down on the ground and you can see very small ob jects in the daylight . So t hat with one is (r esolution ) and the other one i~ sensitivity t o different l i ght levels .

And I ’ m talking about light levels from

Gemi ni , i n terms of having a niosy background . I want.. you to be careful of the conclu sion that you made .

You ‘ve

p;ot thre e 1.hinr~:.: !.hat you ’ re obviously tryinp; to make conclusions out of’, and 1 wunl. t,o be sure -t,ha1. you didn ’ t make some of your own con c:l 11slon:;

out ol’ t..hc:m.

Out of !.h.is Mercury, they have Mercury,

and you ’ :re p;oing t.o compa:rc Mcrcm·.v and Gemini observations and you Look Lhe insiu.e- tlie- spncecraft observat ions and said at night it was t-’. reat and. in the day time it was lousy . I didn ’ t, reel it, was l ousy . parj ,,g it against. ,YO\J ’ d

Ancl

Well , in the daytime

I dori ’ i, know what standa rd you ’ re com

YoL1 ’ re comparj ng it against Mercury .

I think

be very car eful in d rawing that conclusion .

1.i1c11 L!H ·r·e ’ ~

rwot l1e r ll.rc a that. you want Lo make conclusions on

Belt 18 and Lhat ’ "" vision o tside the spacecraft , and I (can

make a compari son

betw en those t wo and I have al r eady ; but you can s ee clearer f rom outside the spacecraft .

And I was quite surprised at this be cau se

I had thr ee visors on :

one of them was a left-hand visor which

isn ’ I, h p: 11 on OJr,ica.J pror>e rt~ies f’..tnd one o • them which is a sun vl.:<Jr’ whir:11 l!; 1,robo.lJI.Y pr tl.y

r.1,

d o,rti ally

wj_

ha gold coo.ting

on • t. and Lhen a 1’ ex1g ass which is very · l. igh in optical qualities .

And I felt as far as vision was concerned , I could sec better out side the spacecraft and I ’ d love t o be able to make <•ome fur ther visua

testing out and I think we p robably we 1 do this — t ake the

visor s

p, this type of work, later on .

So you ‘re comparing three

ifferent things and I think we can definitely tell you some concl sions between inside and outside a s far as Gemini is conc erned , I ’ d L>e very caref\ 1 ap;a.inst sayintJ, that t he vision out of Mercury was worse or

e1.t r w· th r espect. Lo what we could sec out of Gemini

in th

At ni~ht we were ab1c to see and compar e hi gh magni tudes

day .

down to what we felt was 7th order magnitude sta re . (The only th ing that )bothers me just a little bit i s you s aying because Gordo said he could - he woke up in the daylight - pointed at the sky, he could tell whether it was day or night , and t herefore it was an airglow. Now I could wake up and tell whether it was wasn ’ t b •<;au ae t here was any airglow. spa<: c;cr ft . Gord s

a y or ni ght , too, but it

It was becaus e I had sun in the

And I think… .

lol.l • n.w. … … ........... .......... in the daylight .

ond inuic tion .

So that’s the

Eelt 18

Yeah} this is a unique situation.

He happened to be in a situation where

the earth was beneath and the sun was behind him and there was no light ning scattered into his window or anything or at least apparently the r e wasn’t anything . opportunity. ( ·?)

He didn ’ t fe el there was any and that he bad a good

There ’ s only one datum …

Two we re the re when they havc poor days. Shade on the windows. You know the stars are there; there ’ s no question that they ’ re up there and if we make th

conditions right we can s ee them.

Couple times I did see stars or planets or something in the daylight. co~ldn ‘t tcJl you what they were, what magnitude they were at all .

All I

could t e ll you is that as we drifted around some random positions I could see some sorts of light

oming through the window.

I t hink the point that we tried to make also is we have been working on Apollo and we know that stars and measurement of stars in the daytime and the lighting conditions are very important. in this matter, the stars weren’t there .

And on a routine operation

This is the observation that I

felt I made and I think we’ve both been working in (guidance) . this is whut Jim was driving at also . time becau::; l,O

I wanted to sc

I think

I was looking for them in the day

th m out there in the daytime; I didn’t want

sec th m ‘ln a cloud (Apollo’ ).

But they were n’t there to the extent

that J wm.uu 11 ke t,o b t.1.vc seen .

As n. mnttr-r o.l’ fttct

uren ’ t out th<:r.. WC

thnt was one or the reA.l surprise s we bad.

They just

At lea.st they wer n ‘t out there in the configuration

• • .•.

You t .ca pnnsing star of a 1st or 2nd magnitude out there, that’s not 1~o·Lng to <Jn you u bit of good as rnr as anything but saying “O, look, I

(ii)

Belt 18

see one ” because you don ‘t have any idea what it is certainly can ’ t get into measurement . Maybe we can give Dr. (Ritch) a chance.

Results of this … Did he hav

any questions?

I was curious as to wh t th

difference is between sunset and sunrise.

Well , particularly with respect to the shape of the sun and how much does it spread out in lattit ude .

Is it different for night and day?

We sort of concluded that the sunrise was prettier than the- no the sunset was prettier than the sunrise . ing was more white and blue . ed.

It i s red and blue.

The sunrise s eems to be to my way of think But the sunset was many colors .

They were much prettier.

A l ot of

I don ’ t know why

because we ’ ve got some movies with us . Actually we do have some movies that we tried to vary on some of them the perture and I think we ’ ve got, at least at certain times during the film ing, we ‘ve got a fairly true representation of what’s up there.The colors in the pictures rea lly do look right and, in fact , I was pretty happy with them.

There are certain parts in there that give you pretty close to the

i mpression that w got , and I think these will also show you that the sunset is u. little mar

spectacular than the sunrise.

th ing that certainly is different in the sunrise.

Now there is one

When the sun comes, it

rally com.sup wjth SQch a much higher rate and it just booms right up and bang it ’ s light and a big ball of r·re from the sun comes up. goe

Now when it

<lawn, Lhough, it ’ 8 the rev, rs, and it kind of dies out slowly and you

,·o.n mt.1.yb

::ilt Lher

that ’

reason . … that the sunset is a little pret tier .

and

njoy and a bsorb the colors a little more .

Maybe

Belt 18 Is the sunset more billiant than the su..‘trise? Yes. Contrast-wise? Right . How about the elongation? Wait a se ond.

When you say it’s really … …

That was b rightness . Sunrise 1s more brilliant. Sunr1se is more brilliant.

Up it comes .

See i t’s dtirk a nd then the next thing it ’ s light.

It’s really light.

Sunset seems to t ake longer and the gradationAnd more color.

More colorful. What about the elongation and latitude?

Is there a difference in sunset and

Does the s un squash down elliptical? No .

It doesn ’ t move.

It goes so … You .know .. . It takes about 4 seconds

to r everse the whole thing there and it ’ s so bright, you don ’ t notice it squashi ng … .. … . Did you? No, I didn ’ t .

No, I ’ ve seen a lot of peculiar sunsets and moonsets; the

s un l’tnd moon have ear s on them and t hings like thatIt’ s a.11 du

to t he t hi ·k amount of atmosphere that you’re going in.

It all go s pretty quickJ.y and I didn ’ t notice that the sun came up in any different shape was set, but it may have . You know, one t hing on t he f ilms when you see them, the bottom pa.rt looks like the rcfle t i on o

something, either in the lens or - I don’t think

’ .

. it ’

Belt 18

in the proce sing - must be in the lens under the film.

The - down

at the bottom part ki nd of duplicates and lets magnitude look on top and that’s really not fair .

It doesn’t reflect down and what you see is only

on top . Did you see any difference between moonsets and moonrises? No, I dido ’ t . Did you see any (classing) … of t he moon? The elongation that you see? No.

I didn’t .

I didn ’ t notice any.

I thought the interesting thing, too, about the moon is that clarity - t hat I

you see it ’ s quite clear whe·n you l ook at it here, but also it just looked l i ke a little silver globule going down.

It just goes right down.

You

have no scanning or anything associated with it . And no … , either. That ‘s right, it goes right down .

And also, your vieWing of the stars

beyond my cpmment on this earlier doing this.

It doesn’t obscure your

vieWing - the moon being up there doesn ’ t particularly bother you as far as the ( stars?) … . Then you could always tell where the horizon was because of the stars which you know appeared. And then the airglow. Could you also tell from the stars? … sort of a supplemental picture of the horizon from the stars?

Belt 19

… the air e:low . Can y ’ all Lell il’ i t ’ s dark?

Some little (Supplemental ? Sublimal?)

pi c t11 r c o f f,he ho r i.zon ‘t

Well

yo ,; watched a certain star , you could tell whe n it went b elow

Lhe horizon .

You J·ust can ’ t look out ther e and say, “O. K. , that ’ s the

hor izon . ” IL depends ·on the stars.

Now, y ou can look out there and

::,ay, ” O. K. , now , that’s the horizon ; not because of the stars . ” n ecausc of the luck of the s tars ar,d also the air glow. And a l so t lnmd(‘:r·sLorms on the hor izon … .. .. (of the Lark? ) prov es that you can get. i t ( pictures?) .

But you never can say that

and I never would evet’ say that, I c o 1,1ld t ake a p encil and d raw a very l’ind I. i ne o.nd say U,aL ’ s the horizon at night,.

As a matter of fact,

in the clay Lime, c:i t her . Did you ge L the point. that Edward made about the moon , though , that when you loo k at it f rom even far and high, you can see all these s tars . You see t h e moon ; but you don ’ t s ee ,just the light of the moon . see a l ot of glow a ro1rnd it .

. .. And f rom on earth .

1 didn ’ t sec any glow around i t .

You

But up in or bit

saw the l i ght —I saw the moon .

Right next t o H was dark. Ther e ’ s not,h in~ armind

j1, ,

It ’ s ~har p .

l~vco wh en yo11 :l←e u aha.r p rjm her e: on ea.rth—Yon see, if the moon were her e nnd wu:-: L11a L b,iµ; 11.rounct. J ’ rt Lend to see glow around her e. C:ver1 wr1cn Uie moot1 is i-n (venus?)

You do a t Lime s .

Tha t depeHds on the humidity on a clear n i ght . Normally when Lhe moon ’ s out on a c:lear n i gh L, y ou have a lot of h aze and stuff around it .

(that ’ s noL Lhere ? ..air?)

when ,vou ’ t·e out, of t he atmosphere .

which you ’ d expect

You know, we received a picture

in t.11c ma i I whi(•t1 Lr .von ,‘tt1::;L , t1a v.Lu1-’. been o n a space fli ght , I think

Belt 19

it. mc::nns a little more Lorn … now thai, I th · nk ab out it . Expec • ally n.s yo11 look at i L row and thE: artist has t aken these thing s and he ’ s p ut them in very clearly on a stark black backgrou nd— and you k.now and yo u say , ” Gee , not

rLif <..:ial loo king .

rnoon ’ :~ n

I.her

sn ’ , Lha t artificial loo king ?”

That ’ s the way it

ally doe s loo k .

But that’s The

n a. :1La k hla k. l>·· ck.µ;rotmd ( and the other artists

should [pr;1,inL ] J.ik. was h .i s ( w::1.!,ch)

U1at . )

I ’ cJ like to ask CoJonel White what color

( uL sh )

.T st s · lvery whiLe … I

suppose … … … … ” Dr . (Acre )”- -

I take i t yo

would not have any tro uble findin e the sun i f you were

to try orienting at som

angle with r espect to this … .

You w uldn ’ t hav e t o do too much ,·e arching if you wanted t o l ine up with Lhc sun in orde r to …• No

N >. Yo1i can 1~ ne ally tell wh ·re it is by the brightness.

The

.:;rune holds Lr11e wilh ~ln (open lo.nd.ing). You c1n find it on tt1 rcfer cnc

way in .

It’s easier

·-r you ’ ve got an att i tude

w· Lb iner1.ia1 rcferen e,3 working and you just go up ther e

und s woop ,•t<.:ross Lhe sky and yon cn.n find it . /1;

nut if you ’ ve got to

L l ip . • .

You ‘v e: ,~o t Lo v,o find i t w·tho11 r:r a f’L) , I 1;:ucs

j f

nny refere nces (out in the spa.ce

yo11 g t o n the l1ori zon an

get a ll set and then

start. a _pj 1.c11 raL , or somet’n • n{;: _yo11 o..;a,n 0 0 find it .

dri f’L i n1 ~ rr·ccly ., u.nd you 11 p l 001<. i 111-’. 11 p

ut when y ou ‘r e

on ’ L know 11rhich way is d own, you s imply end

a I. 1.hc :~k.Y and you cl o 1 ’ t know how to get

11 ir.izont..<.1.l—i I. rni (.’. ld. I>(, r · 1-’.llL t.hc r 1• ~n

o the local

your _p lane here and yo ‘re

Belt 19

not s 11re 1m Li l _yo11 :— LarL loo kJ n v, for it l i ke this and you can search around for a long Lime . You ca

s arch a l ong t · mc …

And never get back do wn to the horizon, but if you es t ablish (a per rate ) wel l you can get the e . you ’ v You

‘rh e b i g thing is how mu ch f u el

p;ot. Lo expend . r’i b•:hL on the ‘h orizon ancl p · c k up … Mi l ky Way we l l i t can

help you … we 1 you can geL I.here . you ’ vc g ot

1.0

cxpr:nd .

Milky Way, 1veJ.

The big ‘Lh:i.ng is how muc h fu el

You get, ri gh t.. on t h e horiz on and pick up …

i L can he lp yo11 .

Dr . (Ayer) , 1. think we ’ re p; •t1,ing clos e t o time t o go home here In r e g a r d Lo your (me ter ) pror•:ra!l’I ( in your notes that y ou made in t he auditor ium ) c ould you mo.kc any re commendati on s a s t o the new make - up ot· th at meter progr am? I think Ed and I hav e a cormnon -recorrnnend ati on th at we don ’ t f l y many mor e flights in GMI’ and elaps e time at t h e s ame t ime .

We ’ ve got a

oner al p roblem Lo kinda s ort all this stuff out , and I think we our~ht Lo r J.v Lhc s

Lhings jn allot. -

time s … I think that ’ s the one

r: i.nv.J e r comm II a1.ion we ’ cl muk, Llin.t·. s ands head and shoulders ab ove

ot.ber <HILS .

H yond thal,

‘f’ r,yin t, L

orrel!:d.

t he time is very t ough .

wo uld you say that you c ould make re commendation s as

Lo make - up of Lhe … hoo ks? T tho1 ghi. Lhr! 1;ooks -w re 011Lst.andj 1l~~ and I th ink that make - up mod i fie s t.lli.s sui L Lo c rl. aln wrij te a,, 1.h I think

way we ought to g o at t hem .

}wy ’ re out tandin~r, , too , an , of c ou rse , Ed and I design ed

Lhc.:rn , r.o w<’ ’ rc p r1:.!11di ~<:d .

llu J[u

l!1c.1. .

Belt 19 No , ,1,; a. matter of f act ,

w<: huvr• i.1. 1· . i Et,h t, plarlCl<:r ove:r in U1e spacecraft center .

You roll

Lhr ee limes dur in1~ flight —You roll (when you come down to ) l iftup f rom the luPnch 1iases which you ho.ve never loo k ed at and about 20 hourc Jal.er ‘Ne rolled a round fo r 20 hou r s —I never even got it Lo 20 (her e ) Jus t part of re- entry we rolled i t around some more and then gave up 70 hour s . (We milked some stuff o n it ) . me , l et me see these hooks .

Storm b ooks are real good. We have a boo k like thi s .

Excu se

To do any

r eal Lime f’light planning , you have t o have acces s to the —every Lhirw.— all al once , and you don ’ t want to h ave t o get e very some Lhinµ; on a r oller when _y ou ’ ve ,<(ot Lo roll t hroup;h i t l ike t his .

you want to know what ’ s going to happen in 9J hours, you just open the hook up and turn over t o 9J hours .

Then if y ou want t o compare

tha t with say 40 hour s —you want t o have a comparison t here , you can ’ t f o this on a roller f i l m.

Unless you ’ ve got some quick a ccess,

u way of get,tine; that our like y01J had y ou r own sor t of a meteor rrucr ofilm. Uid you take notes on your b ook, sir? Yes, we dj d .

·1 Lli.i.nk one i,hi.n~~

thut we did decide on is that the

l..i.mc-sc:ale:; Lha.t we hu.vc ill our .flight plan here a re- - neith er one

c>l’ t,t1cm a:t’c’ exactly ri.1<h t.

The ear·l y par t o r the mission was highly

<‘xpu.11dc.•<l ; Llw L~1t.Ler _pn.rt was we.she’d down a. J ittle .

I think we have

::l.x ‘1011 rs p<·r paf’.C in I.he latt,er s U1ge and we ha.ve an hour per p a ge

Belt in the early s tage .

I think probably three nours per page or some

thing l ike that would give us more room t o write the notes . !Ias tha t book been reprodu ced?

Yes, it has .

Ther e are copies f o r everyone .

L⇐:t me a.al< you one her e .

Do you think you c o11l.d hold half a degr ee

1n piLcl’t on I.he ni/.~ht hor·i,100 w:l th the radical? !.lur e .

,Jus L do it on the top of the air glow layer and you ’ d have

no t rouble a.Lall . You wouldn ’ t need a filter , or anything . No .

You <lon ’ t want. to make the air go away or any dimmer .

And the

sight i s (clifficult ) as it is and it ’ s adequate to use at ni ght . But t.hen you could Lake pictur es , otherwise . Take picture:; at. p;unslght,. Wha1. ,,ere .vou r-;oine; to do when you held thi s ‘? ‘L’he sharp point,, i~; dovm , antl for tunately , it was a crunera now designed ll.Y Spacecraft .

IL ’ s a fl11sh- mounted camera for G’r5 and

diap;onnally , push down the right window , so the camera is l o oking np Like thi.s .

i:o the spacecraft is on over at an angle like this .

Jt, ’ s not u 4-s a1,elliU· camera is ,1haL I ‘m s ayi ng .

So while the point

js probably 1~oo<i , I ’ d ltatc to sec I.he thin!!. get out that 0 . K. we can p11ll 011I, t,tlc ~Like . /\c:t.11;.111 y, wi L.1 1 11

do 1,1i I.Ji

1.11cr1: ’ s (1

, ·11C

I Uke Lhi:’ way it ’ s certainly designed .

more · Lo i1, than l.11at .

.lir·o11j.-‘J1

t.11<’ cxp,: ri.rnc111.

U1c SM.rLi11ct1. L

nnymor c .

The experimenter will go

l.ighL , so Lhis has nothing t o

0 1il.Y one time it did .

/\nd yui1 al :;o tinvc ot.hcr Lho.n JusL a f ipper on the radical you could

3elt 19

€,

hold … .. . ‘l p oin l u ,

et your feeling on calciu m b alan ce comi n g up on the

I ’ d l ike to

seven . … wh a t do y ou think h ow i t will affec t your post - flight . I don ’ t know how it ‘s g oing t o affect your postflight, but I know i t ’ s r~oing to be a real p roblem. Lo do .

You ’ ve just got a lot of things

Thr!r c a.re a lot of t hinp; s that can ’ t be done unt il two

week s b e ·or e the f’ .li gh L. p;ath ct·in .,

I f you r,i;c;t involved in the b it data-

x rd ses befor e the

·1 • 1-’. ht , I think that it could indeed

,jeo:pm·d h . 1.hc whole

l i gh t…

of Lho p,;ht LhaL ::;om

of the medi cu.l c :x:aminat ·· a ns that we had should

be inovccl hack ear· Lier .

This i s my p e r::;ona1 OJ)i ni on .

had n IJif.’. medi cal

I s ort

examination at FlTA and

that ’ s one of those few days we go1. a lot of at.h er thing s that

s h o uld. be Lakin , p lace a nd I car ’ 1. see tha t my p hysical condi ti on changed in the l as t wee k .

Except maybe I got s l eepier .

Bu t I jus t

fe el th at when y o u put all the se Lh ings into the last couple weeks , you real l y - - t he guy s t.h at are flyin g the fli ght —have got to get ready and the r e ’ s almost a n ’ nfinjte amo nt of work to do .

You just

(~an ’ 1. do i. I. ul 7 , a.nd i L you t ake t. i rn e for d ata- g at hering exerci se s, I sot’. of f’ cc:I

U11.1t. it. .ieop nr i 7.e ”’

YOL1 t.hink .v oI I

<·u11 l<l — u110.IH: r

cern”n1 i.n

ri 1..;l 1L

I.t i(:

p 11.(· !1, do .voI I U1 i1 il
r·ont r· ii

t.r1e s u cc ess of t he who l e flight .

q 1H’ S1 , ion —Do

wi1 1<1 ow w t.h

y o, th ink i f

you

had a

::wizzle s t .ick arr ang ement f or

c;ou ld t. · l sc.: op,· :;U,cs c o11 ld l ock ont o h ave

bc:t.Lc• r 11ll.cll t.hnn .Y u eou ld with a. r i,v:i<.l mounted c amera

You ’ n’ talkinl,’; ulJ uL n c on. r- ol 01 · I.he mounting f or the camera . A con LroJ

<>I’ t,h • pit, r1 ; u conLro I o r th e mm n t, und th

pit ch .

Bel t 19 L, Lr1 i r. a. li n I 1. - j

ckd, - :~ >Ck , f. t.yp0 oJ’ .)unkhcwl or som<: ,hlng .

rt. ’ :; 110I. 1, 1>1,1.l 11nd c H:kcL , bid.

1;1.

p i tch … f’o:r ho1ding a pitch

atti -

t.u

Oh ,

or the a i r ~low.

l•‘or the ai:r glow

yes .

‘l’his 1✓ onld be for on

Wow .

minute phot 1~r t’tph i n g .

T ’ d haLe to be u

You mechan j z’ l t wiLh n low- speed Lype J r i v c or

it .

No . Mani ally .

A manual swi vel ,

.le tr oni

dr j v e and a r heostR.t

Let ’ s d o sound effec t s f or the go od

old Yeah …• Elr oy T . V .’ s char g i ng , you ’ r e not going t o have more t han 20 minute

exposur e o f nie;ht air .

Ha Ha Ha

We ’ r e .,afe I.here , ar en ’ t

we . Ha Ha Ha

A. swiv I sUck h,re in the right. coming out ; you hav e au thori ty t.ak ·n on 1, d .lff(•rc•nl, one .

l,urr.v , did

.vu 11 L 11 I k

t.0 Lh m 11b ut l.tw North ern lights below the

I trj c~rl. to . Oh , exec U.Pn L

. xc I I nt .

I ju:; L cove r .d

.vour <‘omm ·n t. s Yca.ci 11, ”’ W(!

l.nol\

w<’ .r ’“‘On11·

f’ew I it LI(’ l.hin g :,; and I

nb o1 1t

surely would 1 i k e to hear

t. I 1e um I would J o ve to ,

Venus .

rc;tl I y imprc• sr;e<l 1-.ri Lh the p l anet Venus up there and p’ir l 11 r

of’ j L nnd

i I. di

c ome

0 11t

with about

½the

Belt 19 ri ll ianc e that it r e ally appears

magnjL de o.nd

a beautiful si ght .

p the r e .

It ’ s

Afte r the dark up t here , it ’ s very b ri l li ant

and mu ch more large as fa r a s I was concerned and brigh t in magni tude than anythjng I ’ v e seen looki ng f rom the ground . ( Me r cury) proved v ery, v ery -pretty. [ be, _yo u r·nugh

a pho .ov,r aph , t o o .

.i st … you know a.nd y ou ‘ve jus t —

Yeah,

Yeah , Lhe colors on those Lhingc . Th

t:,

y 11 , cv r s ,e —

Lar s t.hat w

r ound we r e n ’ t

Look. on Lhe

,oo graphi c .

1\la ck . myth ing else?

Was t,her e

Black o.cll;a) y looked beautiful and this :i, s the way the sky l ooks … rhe sky ‘s black ,

t iL ’ s a b e autil’ul black background .

Bu t that

d oes n ’ t come out on the pictur e . he r a i c al any good in the d a:,y ?

Wa s

( Hasistas )

would be br ’ ghter t han it is .

/\b out. Lwice ns bright . Twicr

You

bri~hL .

ou l J

I f’ yo,1

~:t’<’

•t

on t.hc-’ !:(.rm nd .

nn ’ t. •·c, 11.

n 1.h

c~nus’

Yo1 ,·cHiJcl :.i•c :

j t <m

Lhe lr1nd .

You c·rn I t1 :w,·

j L

t.lw

when .YOl of

I and

·r·0ss Ltle cros”c)oud

1:in!I

I.hat ’ s t he big thing he r .

L11e wat.c:r .

It was

f j ne .

But

1 t. hi11k we oue;ht t o have two r ing s

r · 1•:hLnc:,s .

You know r i ~~ht. now i L’ c ve r y brigh !. and just t h - next beat tannic als look v <·r,y dirn nnd t.hC’n _you ’ v<’ 1-~o t

v;rn,dat · on of dims .

Belt 19 9 thir1k the dim g r adat •i_on is excellent . th:i nk we nr!ed

l j t1. L. variation of brightness .

[; id you f .i.r d any di ff e rence in the two windows ?

Di d you s e e any

ventieral d ifferenc~ in tho se two windows ·? We co1lldn ’ t, chang

places .

Ha Ha l[a.

he) looked i n his , and t here wasn ’ t any way

::iec T l ooked in m•i ne ,

in tile world that we co uld -You 1 o.

ou d ’

g et near

enough to st art a ration ?

N . Yo u really can ’ I. .

fndepen enL of yo 11r r at.ion . r:t.11

You ’ r

pretty safe to ch e ck your radi

hri.p;ht.ncss a.g ulnrt 1,h . bri p:h t <.: lo d right

on the earth .

You know on 1l. brighL day like Lhi:;; . Shoot , t hey said it was che cked again s t the snowb ank .

You can ’ t bank there .

You ’ re in trouble .

Un less ,here ’ s a … .

A couple of Li.mes I was looki ng f or it . ‘T’hose wer 0 . K. , 1 uµ .

dirty St . Louis snowbanks . ( snowguns ‘? ) ,hin k … . .. the more you want to say .

If you ’ 11 wrap it

J Lh;i 11k b0L w ‘rt tl1 i G mor n i n1.,~ a nd ,Jim and Ed ’ s comments this

urtc::r11 )On w,, cu11 t·xl. r o.(:L

v r yl.fl • n1•· we

I ‘d I i k., t.o :: a.v ’.; rn eth ·· ng .

The~ wn.v

Ha Ha Ha

-xperirn •nt :; 1.tn<.J e v , ryon

indicn1.jori

)res nt, … .

it l ook s rip:ht nov1

of’ them i,: o. t otal

cces s .

you have 11

Ther e i s no

LhaL 1.h r ’ s any hine: , nny anomaly and there ’ s no indi -

cation that. th r e w· L

any anomnly .

Ju st

C r ta i 11 ly 11OLhi1t oper uLion 111 , I me n it ’ s ‘f’hcrc· ’ r: nol. h.i.n~i: uL u U .

Now yo u ’ v ’ go

!, I m:; , h11L .vn11 r •x1><’ . I.C’d Lhnt ·1 ’ m !.ol:.; .

a q1ick l ook . … . … .

no t operational. … .

a cou le of equipment pro

It was pe r ec

as far as

. Belt 19

experiments go . improve it .

‘l’here was nothing

hat could have bee n done to

This is t he way the guider shows i t ; this is the way

the mock- up … . ~ven the experiment you didn ’ t have a very successful flight . . Ha Ha Ha . Well , we ’ ve got how many more . … 8 mor e to go, huh . Ha Ha . What , … . No , flights . End of tape .

”’

Notes from the De-Briefing transcript

eteors: Both cDivitt and them:

hite

tioned seeing a number of rn teors bel w

e sa quite a fe f all end burn up bolo our cltitude .

1hey wore bout

on half to on third as high as re were hen they ere conswn d. aaw one bove us . 11

{

short

d s if.,’()

As the acco p’,nyin..~ plots of numb rs of meteor p206

. e /n er

a ainst the

onths of thef

r sho s the oun of meteor activity in e rly June is at a r ther lo *Fig. l(Ro chta plot of Olivier data from S ithsoni n Contrib . t o Astrophys .N to rioe very hortly alter that to rds ll peak in u ust . level, b1,.:gdnn on th average from to altitude Re rdless of their bri htness/meteors ap or 40 and 60 miles/in the earth ‘s sphere. Bri”ht rn toors ares en to reach about 40 miles , rhereas wct8kkx lar e fireb· lls may still e seen as lo I as 20 miles or so . Th

ver· ,

hei’.;ht th ou11.hout the ath is

for thos of h h v.locitie . tr vol further tofore they

iles b for they r

ter for f aint r

Actually the hr’ ht objects

re conn

eteo

lar er and hence

d1 often tr veling fo r sev ral hundr d

consum d.

Planets The pilot

re rked that”the pl ets or

o clear nd br’ ht , 11 nd later

th t 11 a11 the sun”ets h d the plan t in it •” Th y have in f ct r corded Venus in the oriion bands on one of their sunset pictures .

t thot date V nus Qllbc

as still clos to the sun being (angul r dist;nce·t)Sup. conj . A r.11)

bout 15de •

cast of the sun (eve . star). On the color print S-65-34771 them ge of Venus can be distictly seen amid the horizon bands .

Zodiacal Light ~ Jae Divitt and ,hite ,ere taking 16 rnti. movies

be.fore one 11 capsule da m11 it u

DK1u:d;i1Q5

when they noic d ttie zodiacal light and described

thus , “it was a shaft of light and a long tine before the sun came up. 11

On the ,round observ rs can note tho cone tot light in the eastern sky or

• western sky after the sun has set and gone down about 18 de~~ ( about and hour after sunset or an hour before sunri e.) Pilots t 40,000 feet o~n follo it for a lon1er span since they are , rray from disturbing city lights •

Condition of tho ii.do

The G…n rlni optical window is quite superior to tho Jrcury indo,,.

None-

the less the pilots note that 11 both their windows ere fog YJ”

nd at one

point durin~ EVA ,hite :rubbed his sleeve accid nt·-lly on JirllSs, ~dow

smud~~na -~-o it - probably parti lly rcmvlinr the silicon ·D.m.

• I

l :3

G y

MEASURE REL STATIC CHARG L TAP · PLYBACK 3-1, 4-1 UPOAT S

1~40

BLOOD PRESSURE (P)

EGRESS PREPARAT IO~ U NS l”OW A r-..~~D I,,\ TTACH UMBJL)CAL Y FITTING·~~ EMER Oz PACK

1 ~ 50

B D A

MANEUVER UNl CAMERA

w rn

2:00 ALIGN PLATFORM NULL REL VEL

2: 10

N N

2:20

e. .e. •

f;. BL OOD PRESSURE (C)

3: S-‘f ’}).

fl-f-b_,, ~ / ‘/o

COMM

CHECK

/ GO/ ~FOR EVA

I 11""

2:30

_c)!.v---( DEPRESSURI ZATION

2:40 MAINTAIN PRIMARY O PRESS WITH MANUAL HEATER 2 (850 - 925 PSIA)

2:10

C T N

CLOSE WITH BOOSTER H

OPEN HATCH 3:00

AND STAND UP

H T

c~. t, 3:00

EG RESS S/C

y M T E X C N V

3:10

INGRESS S/C CLOSE HATCH REPRESSURIZE S/C

3:20

ALIGN PLA FORM A

3:30

SEPARATION AV .-5 FT /SEC 3:40

COMPLETE INGRESS CHECKLIST

f T A N

3:50.G